ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEGRATIVE A
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781265955021
Author: McKinley
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10.3, Problem 13WDYL
Describe the four processes that repeat in crossbridge cycling to cause sarcomere shortening.
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Pluripotent stem cells undergo a number of changes as they progress through developmental stages to become the terminally differentiated cell type known as a skeletal muscle myofiber. a) Describe the stages and key anatomic and functional changes that occur during differentiation of myofibers. b) Despite the fact that myofibers are terminally differentiated, muscle can regenerate itself following a trauma or injury. Describe how this can occur.
A typical relaxed sarcomere is about 2.3 µm in length and contracts
to about 2 µm in length. Within the sarcomere, the thin filaments
are about 1 um long and the thick filaments are about 1.5 um long.
(a) Describe the overlap of thick and thin filaments in the relaxed
and contracted sarcomere.
(b) An individual "step" by a myosin head in one cycle pulls the thin
filament about 15 nm. How many steps must each actin fiber make
in one contraction?
A typical relaxed sarcomere is about 2.3 um in length and contracts to about
2 um in length. Within the sarcomere, the thin filaments are about 1 um
long and the thick filaments are about 1.5 um long.
(a) Describe the overlap of thick and thin filaments in the relaxed and con-
tracted sarcomere.
(b) An individual "step" by a myosin head in one cycle pulls the thin fila-
ment about 15 nm. How many steps must each actin fiber make in one
contraction?
Chapter 10 Solutions
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEGRATIVE A
Ch. 10.1 - What are the five major functions of skeletal...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 2WDYLCh. 10.2 - Prob. 3WDYLCh. 10.2 - Draw and label a diagram of a sarcomere.Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 5WDYLCh. 10.2 - Prob. 6WDYLCh. 10.2 - Diagram and label the anatomic structures of a...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 8WDYLCh. 10.3 - What triggers the binding of synaptic vesicles to...Ch. 10.3 - What two events are linked in the physiologic...
Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 11WDYLCh. 10.3 - Prob. 12WDYLCh. 10.3 - Describe the four processes that repeat in...Ch. 10.3 - What causes the release of the myosin head from...Ch. 10.3 - How do acetylcholinesterase and Ca2+ pumps...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 16WDYLCh. 10.4 - What are the various means for making ATP...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 18WDYLCh. 10.5 - Prob. 19WDYLCh. 10.5 - Prob. 20WDYLCh. 10.5 - Prob. 21WDYLCh. 10.6 - What events are occurring in a muscle that produce...Ch. 10.6 - What is recruitment? Explain its importance in the...Ch. 10.6 - Prob. 24WDYLCh. 10.7 - What is the function of skeletal muscle tone?Ch. 10.7 - When you flex your biceps brachii while doing...Ch. 10.7 - Prob. 27WDYLCh. 10.7 - How can muscle fatigue result from changes in each...Ch. 10.8 - Prob. 29WDYLCh. 10.8 - Prob. 30WDYLCh. 10.9 - What are three anatomic or physiologic differences...Ch. 10.10 - Prob. 32WDYLCh. 10.10 - Prob. 33WDYLCh. 10.10 - Prob. 34WDYLCh. 10.10 - What are the steps of smooth muscle contraction?Ch. 10.10 - What unique characteristics of smooth muscle allow...Ch. 10.10 - Prob. 37WDYLCh. 10.10 - Prob. 38WDYLCh. 10.10 - Prob. 39WDYLCh. 10 - Prob. 1DYKBCh. 10 - The physiologic event that takes place at the...Ch. 10 - In a skeletal muscle fiber, Ca2+ is released from...Ch. 10 - The bundle of dense regular connective tissue that...Ch. 10 - In excitation-contraction coupling, the transverse...Ch. 10 - During muscle contraction, the I band a. hides the...Ch. 10 - During a concentric contraction of a muscle fiber,...Ch. 10 - What event causes a troponin-tropomyosin complex...Ch. 10 - In sustained, moderate exercise, skeletal muscle...Ch. 10 - Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle are similar in...Ch. 10 - Explain the structural relationship between a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 12DYKBCh. 10 - Prob. 13DYKBCh. 10 - Put the following skeletal muscle contraction...Ch. 10 - Explain the various means of providing ATP for...Ch. 10 - Explain why athletes who excel at short sprints...Ch. 10 - Explain why skeletal muscle generates the most...Ch. 10 - Prob. 18DYKBCh. 10 - Describe the response of smooth muscle to...Ch. 10 - Prob. 20DYKBCh. 10 - Prob. 1CALCh. 10 - One of the primary reasons that one individual is...Ch. 10 - Prob. 3CALCh. 10 - Rigor mortis occurs following death because a....Ch. 10 - Prob. 5CALCh. 10 - Prob. 1CSLCh. 10 - Describe the effect of the botulinum toxin, which...Ch. 10 - Smooth muscle is within the urinary bladder wall....
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- As mentioned in class, one additional major use of ATP in skeletal muscle (besides powering the myosin heads) is the recycling of calcium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum after depolarization. The resting concentration of Ca++ in the muscle cell cytoplasm is about 50-100 nM, and the spike concentration after depolarization is about 10-20 μΜ. a) Consider a single sarcomere. What is the number of free calcium ions within the sarcomere at rest? What is the number of free calcium ions after depolarization? b) The major ion pump responsible for calcium ion recycling is SERCA (sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase). SERCA uses one molecule of ATP to pump two calcium ions, and the resting level can be restored in about 10-20 ms. How many molecules of ATP are used in a single sarcomere for pumping calcium in a single "twitch"? c) Assume that a single "twitch" is sufficient to drive one sarcomere from its fully extended length (about 2.5 µm) to its fully contracted length (about 1…arrow_forwardA typical relaxed sarcomere is about 2.3 μm in length and contracts to about2 μm in length. Within the sarcomere, the thin filaments are about 1 μmlong and the thick filaments are about 1.5 μm long.(a) Describe the overlap of thick and thin filaments in the relaxed and contracted sarcomere.(b) An individual “step” by a myosin head in one cycle pulls the thin filamentabout 15 nm. How many steps must each actin fiber make in one contraction?arrow_forwardDuring an experiment, the protein troponin from a skeletal muscle fiber was removed. This resulted in the permanent exposure of the actin binding site. Predict how cross-bridge cycling in this skeletal muscle fiber would be affected in the absence of troponin.arrow_forward
- What prevents the filaments from sliding back to their original position each time a myosin cross bridge detaches from actin?arrow_forwardName two regulatory proteins of the myofibrilarrow_forwardWhich of the following regions of a sarcomere at rest is characterized by the presence of myosin only? a) A band b) H zone c) I band d) Z linearrow_forward
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