Chapter 10.14, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectra of ketone and aldehyde have to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is ${\text{cm}}^{\text{-1}}$.

Carbonyl group: The functional group that contains carbon atom which is doubly bonded with the oxygen atom. The characteristic IR signal for $\text{CO}$ group in an amide is at $~1660{\text{cm}}^{\text{-1}}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectrum of benzene and cyclohexane has to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is ${\text{cm}}^{\text{-1}}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectrum of cyclohexene and cyclohexane has to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is ${\text{cm}}^{\text{-1}}$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectra of primary amine and tertiary amine have to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is ${\text{cm}}^{\text{-1}}$.

Primary and secondary amine:

Primary amine refers to the functional group that contains one nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one carbon containing group and the secondary amine contains nitrogen bonded to one hydrogen atom and two carbon containing groups.

The characteristic IR signal for $\text{N-H}$ stretch is at range of $\sim 3500{\text{cm}}^{\text{-1}}\text{and}\sim 3200{\text{cm}}^{\text{-1}}$