EBK RESEARCH METHODS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL
5th Edition
ISBN: 8220100546471
Author: Forzano
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 10, Problem 5E
In this chapter, we described a study in which Skjoeveland (2001) examined the effect of street parks on social interactions (p. 288). Although the results clearly showed greater social interaction in neighborhoods in which parks were built, the study does not justify a conclusion that building parks causes an increase in social interaction. Explain why the conclusion is not justified.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
EBK RESEARCH METHODS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL
Ch. 10.1 - Define, compare, and contrast the experimental,...Ch. 10.2 - Define a nonequivalent group design and identify...Ch. 10.2 - Explain how individual differences threaten the...Ch. 10.2 - Describe the two nonexperimental nonequivalent...Ch. 10.2 - Explain how a simple modification of the...Ch. 10.3 - Define a pre-post design and identify examples of...Ch. 10.3 - Identify the threats to internal validity for...Ch. 10.3 - Describe the nonexpenmental pretest-posttest...Ch. 10.3 - Explain how replacing the single observation...Ch. 10.4 - Define cross-sectional and longitudinal designs,...
Ch. 10.5 - Identify the statistical techniques that are...Ch. 10.5 - Explain how the terms quasi-independent variable...Ch. 10 - In addition to the key words, you should also be...Ch. 10 - Why are studies that examine the effects of aging...Ch. 10 - Explain why we can be more confident about causal...Ch. 10 - Give an example of a situation (aside from gender)...Ch. 10 - In this chapter, we described a study in which...Ch. 10 - Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) conducted a series...Ch. 10 - A researcher measures personality characteristics...Ch. 10 - A researcher wants to describe the effectiveness...Ch. 10 - Explain how the pretest helps minimize the threat...Ch. 10 - Describe the basic characteristics of a pre-post...Ch. 10 - To evaluate the effectiveness of a new television...Ch. 10 - Prob. 12ECh. 10 - A researcher wants to describe how fine motor...Ch. 10 - Identify the appropriate statistical test for each...Ch. 10 - The college offers all students an optional...Ch. 10 - All of us have a tendency to categorize people...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2EACh. 10 - Prob. 3EA
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- 11. Prove or disprove: (a) If is a characteristic function, then so is ²; (b) If is a non-negative characteristic function, then so is √√4.arrow_forward4. Suppose that P(X = 1) = P(X = -1) = 1/2, that Y = U(-1, 1) and that X and Y are independent. (a) Show, by direct computation, that X + Y = U(-2, 2). (b) Translate the result to a statement about characteristic functions. (c) Which well-known trigonometric formula did you discover?arrow_forward9. The concentration function of a random variable X is defined as Qx(h) = sup P(x ≤ X ≤x+h), h>0. x (a) Show that Qx+b (h) = Qx(h). (b) Is it true that Qx(ah) =aQx(h)? (c) Show that, if X and Y are independent random variables, then Qx+y (h) min{Qx(h). Qy (h)). To put the concept in perspective, if X1, X2, X, are independent, identically distributed random variables, and S₁ = Z=1Xk, then there exists an absolute constant, A, such that A Qs, (h) ≤ √n Some references: [79, 80, 162, 222], and [204], Sect. 1.5.arrow_forward
- 29 Suppose that a mound-shaped data set has a must mean of 10 and standard deviation of 2. a. About what percentage of the data should lie between 6 and 12? b. About what percentage of the data should lie between 4 and 6? c. About what percentage of the data should lie below 4? 91002 175/1 3arrow_forward2,3, ample and rical t? the 28 Suppose that a mound-shaped data set has a mean of 10 and standard deviation of 2. a. About what percentage of the data should lie between 8 and 12? b. About what percentage of the data should lie above 10? c. About what percentage of the data should lie above 12?arrow_forward27 Suppose that you have a data set of 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, and you assume that this sample represents a population. The mean is 3 and g the standard deviation is 1.225.10 a. Explain why you can apply the empirical rule to this data set. b. Where would "most of the values" in the population fall, based on this data set?arrow_forward
- 30 Explain how you can use the empirical rule to find out whether a data set is mound- shaped, using only the values of the data themselves (no histogram available).arrow_forward5. Let X be a positive random variable with finite variance, and let A = (0, 1). Prove that P(X AEX) 2 (1-A)² (EX)² EX2arrow_forward6. Let, for p = (0, 1), and xe R. X be a random variable defined as follows: P(X=-x) = P(X = x)=p. P(X=0)= 1-2p. Show that there is equality in Chebyshev's inequality for X. This means that Chebyshev's inequality, in spite of being rather crude, cannot be improved without additional assumptions.arrow_forward
- 4. Prove that, for any random variable X, the minimum of EIX-al is attained for a = med (X).arrow_forward8. Recall, from Sect. 2.16.4, the likelihood ratio statistic, Ln, which was defined as a product of independent, identically distributed random variables with mean 1 (under the so-called null hypothesis), and the, sometimes more convenient, log-likelihood, log L, which was a sum of independent, identically distributed random variables, which, however, do not have mean log 1 = 0. (a) Verify that the last claim is correct, by proving the more general statement, namely that, if Y is a non-negative random variable with finite mean, then E(log Y) log(EY). (b) Prove that, in fact, there is strict inequality: E(log Y) < log(EY), unless Y is degenerate. (c) Review the proof of Jensen's inequality, Theorem 5.1. Generalize with a glimpse on (b).arrow_forward3. Prove that, for any random variable X, the minimum of E(X - a)² is attained for a = EX. Provedarrow_forward
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