HOLE'S HUMAN ANAT.+PHYS.-CONNECT ACCESS
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781264540358
Author: SHIER
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 3IA
How would you explain the following observations?
a. When motor nerve fibers in the leg are severed, the muscles they innervate become paralyzed; however, in time, control over the muscles often returns.
b. When motor nerve fibers in the spinal cord are severed, the muscles they control become permanently paralyzed.
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Students have asked these similar questions
All of the following are true regarding the descending motor tracts EXCEPT
which one?
A. They originate in either the cerebral cortex or brainstem.
B. The pathways are generally made of a two-neuron system.
C. The upper motor neuron fibers target lower motor neurons of the spinal cord or
cranial nerves.
D. They are involved in assisting with voluntary movement.
When motor nerve fibers in the leg are severed, the muscles they innervate become paralyzed; however, in time, control over the muscles often returns. Why/how is this possible?
A friend who works in a research lab is conducting an experiment to study motor movement. First the animal undergoes spinal transection at T5. Then, the animal is trained to walk on a treadmill while supported. Finally, GABA antagonists are injected into the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord. After treatment of the drug, what motor response would you expect?
Question 5 options:
A)
The animal no longer has proper functioning of back or front legs while on the treadmill
B)
The animal no longer has coordinated movement of the front legs while on the treadmill
C)
The animal no longer has coordinated movement of the back legs while on the treadmill
D)
The animal can walk normally on the treadmill (with support)
Chapter 10 Solutions
HOLE'S HUMAN ANAT.+PHYS.-CONNECT ACCESS
Ch. 10 - Prob. 1PCh. 10 - Name two groups of nervous system organs.Ch. 10 - Prob. 3PCh. 10 - Prob. 4PCh. 10 - Prob. 5PCh. 10 - 6 Describe the types of neurons based on...Ch. 10 - Prob. 7PCh. 10 - 8 Name and describe four types of neuroglia.
Ch. 10 - What are some functions of neuroglia?Ch. 10 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 10 - Prob. 11PCh. 10 - Prob. 12PCh. 10 - Prob. 13PCh. 10 - Prob. 14PCh. 10 - Prob. 15PCh. 10 - 16 Explain how impulse conduction differs in...Ch. 10 - Prob. 17PCh. 10 - Prob. 18PCh. 10 - Prob. 19PCh. 10 - Prob. 20PCh. 10 - What is a neuronal pool?Ch. 10 - Define facilitation.Ch. 10 - Prob. 23PCh. 10 - What is divergence?Ch. 10 - Prob. 1CACh. 10 - Prob. 2CACh. 10 - Prob. 3CACh. 10 - Prob. 4CACh. 10 - Prob. 5CACh. 10 - Prob. 6CACh. 10 - Prob. 7CACh. 10 - Prob. 8CACh. 10 - Prob. 9CACh. 10 - Prob. 10CACh. 10 - Prob. 11CACh. 10 - Prob. 12CACh. 10 - Prob. 13CACh. 10 - Prob. 14CACh. 10 - Prob. 15CACh. 10 - 16 Explain how malfunctioning neuroglia can harm...Ch. 10 - Prob. 17CACh. 10 - Prob. 18CACh. 10 - Prob. 19CACh. 10 - Explain how information is passed from a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 21CACh. 10 - Prob. 22CACh. 10 - Distinguish among polarized, hyperpolarized, and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 24CACh. 10 - Prob. 25CACh. 10 - Prob. 26CACh. 10 - Prob. 27CACh. 10 - Prob. 28CACh. 10 - Prob. 29CACh. 10 - Explain how enzymes within synaptic clefts and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 31CACh. 10 - Prob. 32CACh. 10 - Prob. 33CACh. 10 - Why are rapidly growing cancers that originate in...Ch. 10 - In Tay-Sachs disease, an infant rapidly loses...Ch. 10 - How would you explain the following observations?...Ch. 10 - Prob. 4IACh. 10 - Prob. 5IA
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- Hyporeflexia occurs when normal reflexes are weak but not absent. Damage to which of the following would result in hyporeflexia? Hyporeflexia occurs when normal reflexes are weak but not absent. Damage to which of the following would result in hyporeflexia? A.Motor neuron B. Sensory neuron C.Skeletal muscle D. Any of the choices would result in hyporeflexia. Which option to select..arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a reason why a reflex arc is faster than a normal nerve transmission? a. A reflex arc stimulates the motor neurons for an immediate reaction. b. A reflex arc does not send information to the brain to be processed. c. A reflex arc does not involve neurotransmitters. d. A reflex arc involves fewer neurons.arrow_forwardThe neural changes that occur with training might include all of the following EXCEPT: a.) An increased excitability of the spinal motor neurons b.) A decrease in the activity of the antagonist muscle to the the trained movement (better coordination) c.) Muscle hypertrophy d.) An increase in the ability to formulate a movement plan in the brain and consequently an increase in the descending drive to the spinal cordarrow_forward
- Sensory neurons transmit information towards the central nervous system. Which of the following is true concerning the movement of peripheral- information towards the central nervous system? A. Dendrites of the sensory neurons synapse with interneurons of the spinal cord. B. Axons of the sensory neurons synapse with motor neurons of the muscles involved in the spinal reflex. C. Axons of the motor neurons synapse with the interneurons of the spinal cord. D. Axons of the sensory neurons synapse with the interneurons of the spinal cord.arrow_forwarda. In terms of latency, describe the differences in response between the nerve and direct muscle stimuli. b. Why is the initial latency longer when stimulating the nerve?arrow_forwardThe biceps-jerk reflex is carried out by motor neurons that exit the spinal cord in the fifth spinal nerve (C5). The triceps-jerk reflex uses motor neurons in the seventh spinal nerve (C7). Describe how these reflexes might be tested to help pinpoint damage in a patient with a neck injury.arrow_forward
- 3) Lucas is a 40-year old man who sustained a Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in a snow skiing accident 10 years ago. The level of his injury is at C6 – he preserved function below that neurologic level. He cannot walk and he also has some impairment in the arms and hands. He is still able to use a manual wheelchair with his upper limbs’ ability. Lucas is interested in the HandbikeBattle coming up in 2024. This organized event boosts self-confidence and fitness in those who have completed rehabilitation after an injury. Lucas wishes to train this year so that he can think of going to that event. Lucas may need a power-assisted handcycle for the event, but will train with you to be properly prepared. He has not been as active in the past 5 years as he dedicated himself to his work and family and his recovery in rehab. He has a handcycle and a roller as shown below and you have agreed to meet with him to ensure he is performing safely and correctly during his weekly sessions.  a) What…arrow_forwardAll of the following are true concerning reflex arcs EXCEPT A.they involve a few neurons and directly enter and immediately leave the spinal cord B.they are used to prevent harm C.they are subconscious and automatic D.they only use the PNS and not the CNSarrow_forwardIdentify TWO regions in the CNS that are NOT part of the basal ganglia that could also contribute to muscle spasms. HINT: what other areas of the CNS control muscles related to moving the head or speaking?arrow_forward
- We regularly make conscious decisions to make specific muscular movements. For example, when using the touch interface of your phone, you make a conscious effort to scroll up and down the screen using your finger. In contrast, there are many muscular movements that cannot be controlled voluntarily. For example, you cannot make your heart stop by thinking about it. Which of the following statements correctly identifies the parts of the nervous system that are involved in voluntary and involuntary actions, respectively? Select one: a. Motor neurons of the somatic nervous system and motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system b. Motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system and sensory neurons of the somatic nervous system c. Sensory neurons of the somatic nervous system and sensory neurons of the autonomic nervous system d. Sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system and motor neurons of the autonomic nervous systemarrow_forwardAfter a lengthy car ride, your elderly uncle gets out of the car and complains, “I can hardly walk. It must be sciatica.” Explain what this means.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is most correct: A. Most spinal nerves contain both somatic and autonomic fibers. B. Most body responses to changing internal and external environments involve both enhanced skeletal muscle and visceral activity C. Somatic and autonomic branches are not truly individual entities, function is well integrated. D. Higher brain centers regulate both somatic and autonomic function. E. All these are correct.arrow_forward
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