Next, we need to calculate MMM’s cost of debt. We can use different approaches to estimate it One approach is to take the company’s interest expense and divide it by total debt (which is the sum of short-term debt and long-term debt). This approach only works if the historical cost of debt equals the yield to maturity in today’s market (i.e., if MMM’s outstanding bonds are trading at dose to par). This approach may produce misleading estimates in years in which MMM issues a significant amount of new debt. For example, if a company issues a great deal of debt at the end of the year, the full amount of debt will appear on the year-end
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