Connect with LearnSmart for Krauskopf: The Physical Universe, 16e
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781259663895
Author: KRAUSKOPF, Konrad B.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Higher Education (us)
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Chapter 10, Problem 30E
To determine
To remove an electron from the valence shell is relatively easy or hard for sulfur.
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A water molecule consists of an oxygen atomwith two hydrogen atoms bound to it. Theangle between the two bonds is 106◦
If each bond is 0.128 nm long, how far fromthe oxygen atom is the center of mass of themolecule? Take the mass of an oxygen atomto be 16 times the mass of a hydrogen atom.Answer in units of nm.
You are preparing to compete in the Physics Olympics. Your instructor is coaching you by providing you with challenging problems of the type you might see on an Olympics exam. He comes up with the following problem and gives you 15 minutes to solve it: Imagine a perfectly rigid HCl molecule that does not stretch as it rotates. The equilibrium separation of its ions is 0.127 5 nm. There are two isotopes for chlorine on the sample, Cl-35 and Cl-37. This results in double peaks in the molecular spectrum as shown. (a) Find an expression for the difference in the frequency between the peaks to the right of the gap as a function of the masses of the two chlorine isotopes and the quantum number J. (b) Estimate the difference in frequency numerically for J = 0, without consulting tables. Quick! Get to work!
The l = 2 rotational level of the hydrogen chloride (HCl) molecule has energy 7.90 meV. The mass of the most common hydrogen atom is 1.674 * 10-27 kg, and the mass of the most common chlorine atom is 5.807 * 10-26 kg. Find the distance between the H and Cl nuclei.
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Connect with LearnSmart for Krauskopf: The Physical Universe, 16e
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- An isolated LiCl molecule has its chloride ion (mass = 35 atomic mass units) at x = 0 pm , and its lithium ion (mass = 7 u) at x= 202 pm. What is the molecule's mass? depends on the chlorine isotope O 20 u 42 u O 28 uarrow_forward(b) Describe the nature and origin of various forces existing between the atoms of a crystal. Explain the formation of a stable bond using the potential energy versus interatomic distance curve. Assume that the potential energy of two particles in the field of each other is given by U(R) = - R where A and B are constants. R9 (i) Show that the particles form a stable compound for R= R. = (9B/A)/8 (R, is equilibrium separation) i) Show that for stable configuration, the energy of attraction is nine times the energy of repulsion. 8A (iii) Show that the potential energy of the system under stable configuration is 9Rearrow_forwardSuppose that all the electrons are removed from a copper coin, whose mass is 2.7 g, and they are placed at 2 meters from the remaining copper nucleus. What is the magnitude of the electrical attractive force on electrons? In each copper atom there are 29 electrons. 9 mol' (Consider: M = 55,8- NA = = 6,022x1023 atoms molarrow_forward
- A + Given that B 7-10- == 13) Suppose that the interaction energy between two atoms is given by E (r) the atoms from a stable molecule with an internuclear distance of 0.3 nm and a dissociation energy of 4 eV, calculate A and B. Also calculate the force require to break the molecule and the critical distance between the nuclei for which this occurs.arrow_forwardIf the bonding energy, in terms of (r), between two ions is ( number. a) Find the repulsive and attractive forces between the two ions. b) If the bonding energy between the two ions at the equilibrium state is given as ny r+1), x and y are constant and n is an integer Find the smallest distance between the two ions to achieve the state of equilibrium. (x1-n \ny, 1-narrow_forwardPls help ASAP. Pls show all work annd circle the final answer.arrow_forward
- Determine the distance, r, between a Na and an Cl ion if the attractive force is 1.025 x,10-10 N, given that e = 1.602 × 10−19 C) and 8.85 x 10-12 F/m.arrow_forward(50/100) 2. When a phosphorus atom is substituted for a silicon atom in a crystal, four of the phosphorus valence electrons form bonds with neighboring atoms and the remaining electron is much more loosely bound. You can model the electron as free to move through the crystal lattice. The phosphorus nucleus has one more positive charge than does the silicon nucleus, however, so the extra electron provided by the phosphorus atom is attracted to this single nuclear charge +e. The energy levels of the extra electron are similar to those of the electron in the Bohr hydrogen atom with two important exceptions. First, the Coulomb attraction between the electron and the positive charge on the phosphorus nucleus is reduced by a factor of 1/k from what it would be in free space, where k is the dielectric constant of the crystal. As a result, the orbit radii are greatly increased over those of the hydrogen atom. Second, the influence of the periodic electric potential of the lattice causes the…arrow_forwardWrite the electron configuration for Fl (atomic number 114). How many valence electrons does it have?arrow_forward
- The PN junction of II has a structure given by the following the P doping 1016cm³ N doping 108cm³, Wp =2x10-4cm WN=100x10-4cm Xno=.0032x104cm, xp0=.32x10-4 cm 1016 1018 2x104cm 100x10-4cmarrow_forward(a) In an HCl molecule, take the Cl atom to be the isotope 35Cl. The equilibrium separation of the H and Cl atoms is 0.127 46 nm. The atomic mass of the H atom is 1.007 825 u and that of the 35Cl atom is 34.968 853 u. Calculate the longest wavelength in the rotational spectrum of this molecule. (b) What If? Repeat the calculation in part (a), but take the Cl atom to be the isotope 37Cl, which has atomic mass 36.965 903 u. The equilibrium separation distance is the same as in part (a). (c) Naturally occurring chlorine contains approximately three parts of 35Cl to one part of 37Cl. Because of the two different Cl masses, each line in the microwave rotational spectrum of HCl is split into a doublet as shown in Figure P42.11. Calculate the separation in wavelength between the doublet lines for the longest wavelength.arrow_forwardThe measured density of a NaF crystal is 2.558 g/cm3 . What is the equilibrium separate distance of Na+ and Flions?arrow_forward
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