Chapter 10, Problem 2QAP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To calculate mass percent of acetone in the given solution.

Concept Introduction : Mass percent is one of the ways to represent concentration. It is the ratio of mass of solute to mass of solution product by $\text{100}$ .

  $\text{Mass\%=}\frac{\text{Mass}\text{of}\text{solute}}{\text{Mass}\text{of}\text{solution}}\text{×100}$

Formula to calculate density is

  $\text{Density=}\frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To calculate volume percent of ethyl alcohol in the given solution.

Concept Introduction : Volume percent is one way to express concentration.

  $\text{Volume percent}\text{of}\text{component}\text{=}\frac{\text{Volume}\text{of}\text{component}}{\text{Total}\text{volume}\text{of}\text{solution}}\text{×100}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To calculate mole fraction of acetone in the given solution.

Concept Introduction : In a solution, the mole fraction of a component can be calculated by dividing moles of that component to total moles making the solution.

Let a solution have solute (A) and solvent (B).So,

  $\begin{array}{c}\text{Mole}\text{fraction}\text{of}\text{solute}\text{A}\left(X_{\text{A}}\right)=\frac{\text{Moles}\text{of}\text{A}}{\text{Total}\text{moles}}\\ =\frac{n_{\text{A}}}{n_{\text{A}}+n_{\text{B}}}\end{array}$

  $\begin{array}{c}\text{Mole}\text{fraction}\text{of}\text{solvent}\text{B}\left(X_{\text{B}}\right)=\frac{\text{Moles}\text{of}\text{B}}{\text{Total}\text{moles}}\\ =\frac{n_{\text{B}}}{n_{\text{A}}+n_{\text{B}}}\end{array}$

Formula to calculate moles of component is-

  $\text{Number}\text{of}\text{moles}\left(n\right)\text{=}\frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Molar}\text{mass}}$