ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY LL W/CONNECT ACCESS
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781265521363
Author: McKinley
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 10, Problem 2CSL
Describe the effect of the botulinum toxin, which inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Would the poison curare, which competes for acetylcholine receptors have a similar effect? Explain
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Chapter 10 Solutions
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY LL W/CONNECT ACCESS
Ch. 10.1 - What are the five major functions of skeletal...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 2WDYLCh. 10.2 - Prob. 3WDYLCh. 10.2 - Draw and label a diagram of a sarcomere.Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 5WDYLCh. 10.2 - Prob. 6WDYLCh. 10.2 - Diagram and label the anatomic structures of a...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 8WDYLCh. 10.3 - What triggers the binding of synaptic vesicles to...Ch. 10.3 - What two events are linked in the physiologic...
Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 11WDYLCh. 10.3 - Prob. 12WDYLCh. 10.3 - Describe the four processes that repeat in...Ch. 10.3 - What causes the release of the myosin head from...Ch. 10.3 - How do acetylcholinesterase and Ca2+ pumps...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 16WDYLCh. 10.4 - What are the various means for making ATP...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 18WDYLCh. 10.5 - Prob. 19WDYLCh. 10.5 - Prob. 20WDYLCh. 10.5 - Prob. 21WDYLCh. 10.6 - What events are occurring in a muscle that produce...Ch. 10.6 - What is recruitment? Explain its importance in the...Ch. 10.6 - Prob. 24WDYLCh. 10.7 - What is the function of skeletal muscle tone?Ch. 10.7 - When you flex your biceps brachii while doing...Ch. 10.7 - Prob. 27WDYLCh. 10.7 - How can muscle fatigue result from changes in each...Ch. 10.8 - Prob. 29WDYLCh. 10.8 - Prob. 30WDYLCh. 10.9 - What are three anatomic or physiologic differences...Ch. 10.10 - Prob. 32WDYLCh. 10.10 - Prob. 33WDYLCh. 10.10 - Prob. 34WDYLCh. 10.10 - What are the steps of smooth muscle contraction?Ch. 10.10 - What unique characteristics of smooth muscle allow...Ch. 10.10 - Prob. 37WDYLCh. 10.10 - Prob. 38WDYLCh. 10.10 - Prob. 39WDYLCh. 10 - Prob. 1DYKBCh. 10 - The physiologic event that takes place at the...Ch. 10 - In a skeletal muscle fiber, Ca2+ is released from...Ch. 10 - The bundle of dense regular connective tissue that...Ch. 10 - In excitation-contraction coupling, the transverse...Ch. 10 - During muscle contraction, the I band a. hides the...Ch. 10 - During a concentric contraction of a muscle fiber,...Ch. 10 - What event causes a troponin-tropomyosin complex...Ch. 10 - In sustained, moderate exercise, skeletal muscle...Ch. 10 - Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle are similar in...Ch. 10 - Explain the structural relationship between a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 12DYKBCh. 10 - Prob. 13DYKBCh. 10 - Put the following skeletal muscle contraction...Ch. 10 - Explain the various means of providing ATP for...Ch. 10 - Explain why athletes who excel at short sprints...Ch. 10 - Explain why skeletal muscle generates the most...Ch. 10 - Prob. 18DYKBCh. 10 - Describe the response of smooth muscle to...Ch. 10 - Prob. 20DYKBCh. 10 - Prob. 1CALCh. 10 - One of the primary reasons that one individual is...Ch. 10 - Prob. 3CALCh. 10 - Rigor mortis occurs following death because a....Ch. 10 - Prob. 5CALCh. 10 - Prob. 1CSLCh. 10 - Describe the effect of the botulinum toxin, which...Ch. 10 - Smooth muscle is within the urinary bladder wall....
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- Correct the following false statement: "Any cell that has the acetylcholine receptor will have the same response as any other cell that also has the acetylcholine receptor when exposed to acetylcholine". Explain why this statement is false.arrow_forwardAn antibody has been isolated that binds to F-actin but not to G-actin. Whatstructural feature(s) of F-actin do you suppose the antibody binds (i.e., howis the antibody able to distinguish between these two forms of actin)?arrow_forwardA patient has been exposed to the organophosphate pesticide malathion,which inactivates acetylcholinesterase. Which of the following symptoms would you predict: blurring of vision, excess tear formation, frequent or involuntary urination, pallor (pale skin), muscle twitching, orcramps? Would atropine be an effective drug to treat the symptoms?(See Clinical Impact 16.2 for the action of atropine.) Explain.arrow_forward
- Are these true or false? Acetylcholine molecules are actively transported from the axon to their receptors on the muscle membrane by special transport proteins. Receptors on the post-synaptic cell membrane that bind the acetylcholine are voltage-gated channels (channels that open in response to a change in the electrical charge of the membrane). When a muscle cell is not contracting its cell membrane is negative on the inner surface. The effect of a neurotransmitter on the muscle cell membrane is to modify its ion permeability properties temporarily. During depolarization, a small region of the muscle cell's membrane becomes less negative on the inside." Both sodium and potassium are more concentrated in the extracellular fluid than the intracellular fluid. After an action potential passes over a region of the sarcolemma the region remains positively charged throughout the entire muscle contraction. An increase in the calcium ion level in the cytosol causes thin filaments to begin…arrow_forwardBotox has become popular for reducing wrinkles. It is a dilute solution of a toxin which inhibits muscle contraction by working at the presynaptic portion of the NMJ. Which of the following could be a possible mechanism for Botox wrinkle-reducing action? a.) Increase Calcium influx b.) Cleave (degrade) syntaxin c.) Increase sensitivity of synaptotagmin to Ca d.) Decrease synthesis of nSec1arrow_forwardThe venom of many cobras contains a potent neurotoxin that binds to ligand-gated Na+ channels,causing them to open. Unlike ACh, which binds to and then rapidly unbinds from ligand-gated Na+ channels, the neurotoxin tends to remain bound to ligand-gated Na+ channels. How does this neurotoxin affect the nervous system’s ability to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction? How does it affect the ability of skeletal muscle fibers to respond to stimulation?arrow_forward
- Consider three alpha-motor neurons of different sizes: small, medium and large. All three neurons receive input from the same excitatory interneuron. When the interneuron fires action potentials at low frequency, only one alpha motor neuron fires action potentials. As the action potential frequency of the interneuron increases, two alpha-motor neurons are recruited, and at maximum frequency, all three are recruited. In what order would the three alpha-motor neurons have been recruited? Large first, then medium, then small. Small first, then medium, then large. Medium first, then small, then large. Medium first, then large, then small.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding the motor end plate in the somatic motor division of the nervous system is true? After the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels, the neuron releases ACh onto the muscarinic receptors on the surface of the highly folded area of the muscle fibre. The preganglionic nerve fibre releases ACh onto the postganglionic nerve fibre, which then releases ACh onto the cholinergic receptors of the motor end plate. Chemically gated monovalent cation channels on the motor end plate are activated once the motor neuron releases ACh onto the nicotinic receptors on the surface of the muscle cell. The AChE enzyme enhances the amount of ACh released into the neuromuscular junctionarrow_forwardThe Structure of the acetylcholine receptor is shown below: D. Briefly indicate what the role of the acetylcholine receptor is in an action potential.arrow_forward
- If a patient was bitten by a poisonous spider (black widow) and the effects of its venom occurred at the neuromuscular junction in the peripheral nervous system, what neurotransmitter would be affected by this venom? And explain the mechanism of action of how the venom is a direct antagonist to this neurotransmitter.arrow_forwardThe following events happens in neuromuscular junction, putthese events in the correct temporal order: A) end plate potential (EPP), B)action potential in muscle fiber C) ACh release from presynaptic terminal D) miniature end plate potential (MEPP) E) opening ligand-gated Na+ ion channels on the endplate membrane F) opening Ca2+ channels in presynaptic terminal G) binding of ACh to nicotinic receptors on the postsynapticmembrane Attachedarrow_forwardRead the following statements (a) The resting nerve membrane is freely permeable to Na*, K* ions and negatively charged proteins. (b) The activity of Na* - K* pump is responsible for maintaining resting membrane potential. (c) The resting membrane is impermeable to negatively charged proteins present in the axoplasm. Choose the option representing correct statements. b only a and b b and c a, b and carrow_forward
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