The similarities and dissimilarities between the special senses and somatic senses. Introduction: The stimuli can either reach or not reach a level of conscious awareness . The stimulus that does not reach conscious awareness involves muscle stretch changes, tension, and several internal parameters monitored by the body to regulate homeostasis, such as blood pressure and pH. The sensory stimuli whose processing reaches the conscious level of perception are associated either with special senses and somatic senses.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 23RQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the special senses and somatic senses.

Introduction: The stimuli can either reach or not reach a level of conscious awareness . The stimulus that does not reach conscious awareness involves muscle stretch changes, tension, and several internal parameters monitored by the body to regulate homeostasis, such as blood pressure and pH. The sensory stimuli whose processing reaches the conscious level of perception are associated either with special senses and somatic senses.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between various touch receptors with respect to structure, size, and location.

Introduction: Touch receptors are known as the most common receptors in the body. These receptors respond to many forms of physical contact, such as stretch, steady pressure, or vibration. The different types of touch receptors are free nerve endings, Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini corpuscles, and Merkel receptors.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the transmission of sharp localized pain and dull or diffused pain.

Introduction: Pain is a subjective perception. It is the brain’s interpretation of sensory information that is transmitted along pathways beginning at nociceptors. Pain is multidimensional, and it varies with the emotional state of a person.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the forms of hearing loss.

Introduction: Hearing is considered as the most important social sense. The loss of hearing is commonly seen in younger people because of the prolonged exposure to rock music and environmental noise. Ninety percent of hearing loss in the elderly is sensorineural, and this condition is known as presbycusis. The three usual forms of hearing loss include conductive, central, and sensorineural.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the convergence of retinal neurons and primary somatic sensory neurons.

Introduction: The convergence allows multiple simultaneous subthreshold stimuli to sum at the postsynaptic (secondary) neuron. The event of convergence can occur with the neurons of the retina and primary somatic sensory neurons.

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10. Your instructor will give you 2 amino acids during the activity session (video 2-7. A. First color all the polar and non-polar covalent bonds in the R groups of your 2 amino acids using the same colors as in #7. Do not color the bonds in the backbone of each amino acid. B. Next, color where all the hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions and ionic bonds could occur in the R group of each amino acid. Use the same colors as in #7. Do not color the bonds in the backbone of each amino acid. C. Position the two amino acids on the page below in an orientation where the two R groups could bond together. Once you are satisfied, staple or tape the amino acids in place and label the bond that you formed between the two R groups. - Polar covalent Bond - Red - Non polar Covalent boND- yellow - Ionic BonD - PINK Hydrogen Bonn - Purple Hydrophobic interaction-green O=C-N H I. H HO H =O CH2 C-C-N HICK H HO H CH2 OH H₂N C = O

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 23RQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the special senses and somatic senses.

Introduction: The stimuli can either reach or not reach a level of conscious awareness . The stimulus that does not reach conscious awareness involves muscle stretch changes, tension, and several internal parameters monitored by the body to regulate homeostasis, such as blood pressure and pH. The sensory stimuli whose processing reaches the conscious level of perception are associated either with special senses and somatic senses.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between various touch receptors with respect to structure, size, and location.

Introduction: Touch receptors are known as the most common receptors in the body. These receptors respond to many forms of physical contact, such as stretch, steady pressure, or vibration. The different types of touch receptors are free nerve endings, Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini corpuscles, and Merkel receptors.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the transmission of sharp localized pain and dull or diffused pain.

Introduction: Pain is a subjective perception. It is the brain’s interpretation of sensory information that is transmitted along pathways beginning at nociceptors. Pain is multidimensional, and it varies with the emotional state of a person.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the forms of hearing loss.

Introduction: Hearing is considered as the most important social sense. The loss of hearing is commonly seen in younger people because of the prolonged exposure to rock music and environmental noise. Ninety percent of hearing loss in the elderly is sensorineural, and this condition is known as presbycusis. The three usual forms of hearing loss include conductive, central, and sensorineural.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the convergence of retinal neurons and primary somatic sensory neurons.

Introduction: The convergence allows multiple simultaneous subthreshold stimuli to sum at the postsynaptic (secondary) neuron. The event of convergence can occur with the neurons of the retina and primary somatic sensory neurons.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 23RQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the special senses and somatic senses.

Introduction: The stimuli can either reach or not reach a level of conscious awareness . The stimulus that does not reach conscious awareness involves muscle stretch changes, tension, and several internal parameters monitored by the body to regulate homeostasis, such as blood pressure and pH. The sensory stimuli whose processing reaches the conscious level of perception are associated either with special senses and somatic senses.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between various touch receptors with respect to structure, size, and location.

Introduction: Touch receptors are known as the most common receptors in the body. These receptors respond to many forms of physical contact, such as stretch, steady pressure, or vibration. The different types of touch receptors are free nerve endings, Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini corpuscles, and Merkel receptors.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the transmission of sharp localized pain and dull or diffused pain.

Introduction: Pain is a subjective perception. It is the brain’s interpretation of sensory information that is transmitted along pathways beginning at nociceptors. Pain is multidimensional, and it varies with the emotional state of a person.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the forms of hearing loss.

Introduction: Hearing is considered as the most important social sense. The loss of hearing is commonly seen in younger people because of the prolonged exposure to rock music and environmental noise. Ninety percent of hearing loss in the elderly is sensorineural, and this condition is known as presbycusis. The three usual forms of hearing loss include conductive, central, and sensorineural.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the convergence of retinal neurons and primary somatic sensory neurons.

Introduction: The convergence allows multiple simultaneous subthreshold stimuli to sum at the postsynaptic (secondary) neuron. The event of convergence can occur with the neurons of the retina and primary somatic sensory neurons.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 23RQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the special senses and somatic senses.

Introduction: The stimuli can either reach or not reach a level of conscious awareness . The stimulus that does not reach conscious awareness involves muscle stretch changes, tension, and several internal parameters monitored by the body to regulate homeostasis, such as blood pressure and pH. The sensory stimuli whose processing reaches the conscious level of perception are associated either with special senses and somatic senses.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between various touch receptors with respect to structure, size, and location.

Introduction: Touch receptors are known as the most common receptors in the body. These receptors respond to many forms of physical contact, such as stretch, steady pressure, or vibration. The different types of touch receptors are free nerve endings, Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini corpuscles, and Merkel receptors.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the transmission of sharp localized pain and dull or diffused pain.

Introduction: Pain is a subjective perception. It is the brain’s interpretation of sensory information that is transmitted along pathways beginning at nociceptors. Pain is multidimensional, and it varies with the emotional state of a person.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the forms of hearing loss.

Introduction: Hearing is considered as the most important social sense. The loss of hearing is commonly seen in younger people because of the prolonged exposure to rock music and environmental noise. Ninety percent of hearing loss in the elderly is sensorineural, and this condition is known as presbycusis. The three usual forms of hearing loss include conductive, central, and sensorineural.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the convergence of retinal neurons and primary somatic sensory neurons.

Introduction: The convergence allows multiple simultaneous subthreshold stimuli to sum at the postsynaptic (secondary) neuron. The event of convergence can occur with the neurons of the retina and primary somatic sensory neurons.

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Answer 5

Chapter 10, Problem 23RQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the special senses and somatic senses.

Introduction: The stimuli can either reach or not reach a level of conscious awareness . The stimulus that does not reach conscious awareness involves muscle stretch changes, tension, and several internal parameters monitored by the body to regulate homeostasis, such as blood pressure and pH. The sensory stimuli whose processing reaches the conscious level of perception are associated either with special senses and somatic senses.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between various touch receptors with respect to structure, size, and location.

Introduction: Touch receptors are known as the most common receptors in the body. These receptors respond to many forms of physical contact, such as stretch, steady pressure, or vibration. The different types of touch receptors are free nerve endings, Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini corpuscles, and Merkel receptors.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the transmission of sharp localized pain and dull or diffused pain.

Introduction: Pain is a subjective perception. It is the brain’s interpretation of sensory information that is transmitted along pathways beginning at nociceptors. Pain is multidimensional, and it varies with the emotional state of a person.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the forms of hearing loss.

Introduction: Hearing is considered as the most important social sense. The loss of hearing is commonly seen in younger people because of the prolonged exposure to rock music and environmental noise. Ninety percent of hearing loss in the elderly is sensorineural, and this condition is known as presbycusis. The three usual forms of hearing loss include conductive, central, and sensorineural.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the convergence of retinal neurons and primary somatic sensory neurons.

Introduction: The convergence allows multiple simultaneous subthreshold stimuli to sum at the postsynaptic (secondary) neuron. The event of convergence can occur with the neurons of the retina and primary somatic sensory neurons.

Answer 6

Chapter 10, Problem 23RQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the special senses and somatic senses.

Introduction: The stimuli can either reach or not reach a level of conscious awareness . The stimulus that does not reach conscious awareness involves muscle stretch changes, tension, and several internal parameters monitored by the body to regulate homeostasis, such as blood pressure and pH. The sensory stimuli whose processing reaches the conscious level of perception are associated either with special senses and somatic senses.

Answer 7

Chapter 10, Problem 23RQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the special senses and somatic senses.

Introduction: The stimuli can either reach or not reach a level of conscious awareness . The stimulus that does not reach conscious awareness involves muscle stretch changes, tension, and several internal parameters monitored by the body to regulate homeostasis, such as blood pressure and pH. The sensory stimuli whose processing reaches the conscious level of perception are associated either with special senses and somatic senses.

Answer 8

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between various touch receptors with respect to structure, size, and location.

Introduction: Touch receptors are known as the most common receptors in the body. These receptors respond to many forms of physical contact, such as stretch, steady pressure, or vibration. The different types of touch receptors are free nerve endings, Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini corpuscles, and Merkel receptors.

Answer 9

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between various touch receptors with respect to structure, size, and location.

Introduction: Touch receptors are known as the most common receptors in the body. These receptors respond to many forms of physical contact, such as stretch, steady pressure, or vibration. The different types of touch receptors are free nerve endings, Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini corpuscles, and Merkel receptors.

Answer 10

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the transmission of sharp localized pain and dull or diffused pain.

Introduction: Pain is a subjective perception. It is the brain’s interpretation of sensory information that is transmitted along pathways beginning at nociceptors. Pain is multidimensional, and it varies with the emotional state of a person.

Answer 11

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the transmission of sharp localized pain and dull or diffused pain.

Introduction: Pain is a subjective perception. It is the brain’s interpretation of sensory information that is transmitted along pathways beginning at nociceptors. Pain is multidimensional, and it varies with the emotional state of a person.

Answer 12

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the forms of hearing loss.

Introduction: Hearing is considered as the most important social sense. The loss of hearing is commonly seen in younger people because of the prolonged exposure to rock music and environmental noise. Ninety percent of hearing loss in the elderly is sensorineural, and this condition is known as presbycusis. The three usual forms of hearing loss include conductive, central, and sensorineural.

Answer 13

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the forms of hearing loss.

Introduction: Hearing is considered as the most important social sense. The loss of hearing is commonly seen in younger people because of the prolonged exposure to rock music and environmental noise. Ninety percent of hearing loss in the elderly is sensorineural, and this condition is known as presbycusis. The three usual forms of hearing loss include conductive, central, and sensorineural.

Answer 14

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the convergence of retinal neurons and primary somatic sensory neurons.

Introduction: The convergence allows multiple simultaneous subthreshold stimuli to sum at the postsynaptic (secondary) neuron. The event of convergence can occur with the neurons of the retina and primary somatic sensory neurons.

Answer 15

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities between the convergence of retinal neurons and primary somatic sensory neurons.

Introduction: The convergence allows multiple simultaneous subthreshold stimuli to sum at the postsynaptic (secondary) neuron. The event of convergence can occur with the neurons of the retina and primary somatic sensory neurons.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 18

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Answer 19

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Solution Summary: The author explains the similarities and dissimilarities between special and somatic senses.

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