To tell: Why antibiotics are not effective against the common cold. Introduction: Drugs that are used to treat the microbial infections are commonly referred to as antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial agents that are used in the treatment of helminthic, protozoan, fungal, and viral diseases are grouped as antihelminthic, antiprotozoan, antifungal, and antiviral drugs, respectively. A drug compound should merely target the pathogenic microorganisms and do not cause any harm to the host system.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1TMW

Summary Introduction

To tell:

Why antibiotics are not effective against the common cold.

Introduction:

Drugs that are used to treat the microbial infections are commonly referred to as antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial agents that are used in the treatment of helminthic, protozoan, fungal, and viral diseases are grouped as antihelminthic, antiprotozoan, antifungal, and antiviral drugs, respectively. A drug compound should merely target the pathogenic microorganisms and do not cause any harm to the host system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In the respiratory tract (upper), infections are caused by several viruses. Such infections, which generally last up to two weeks, are regarded as the common cold.

Antimicrobial agents differ in its mode of action, including inhibition of cell wall, inhibition of protein and nucleic acid synthesis, interfere with a specific component present in the plasma membrane, and inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis. Antibiotics are therapeutic agents that are produced biologically. They are antibacterial agents applied in treating infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. Viruses and bacteria are entirely different microbes (structure and survival method). Since common cold occurs as a result of viral infections, antibiotics are ineffective in the treatment of cold.

Conclusion

Antibiotics are not used in the treatment of viral infections.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1TMW

Summary Introduction

To tell:

Why antibiotics are not effective against the common cold.

Introduction:

Drugs that are used to treat the microbial infections are commonly referred to as antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial agents that are used in the treatment of helminthic, protozoan, fungal, and viral diseases are grouped as antihelminthic, antiprotozoan, antifungal, and antiviral drugs, respectively. A drug compound should merely target the pathogenic microorganisms and do not cause any harm to the host system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In the respiratory tract (upper), infections are caused by several viruses. Such infections, which generally last up to two weeks, are regarded as the common cold.

Antimicrobial agents differ in its mode of action, including inhibition of cell wall, inhibition of protein and nucleic acid synthesis, interfere with a specific component present in the plasma membrane, and inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis. Antibiotics are therapeutic agents that are produced biologically. They are antibacterial agents applied in treating infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. Viruses and bacteria are entirely different microbes (structure and survival method). Since common cold occurs as a result of viral infections, antibiotics are ineffective in the treatment of cold.

Conclusion

Antibiotics are not used in the treatment of viral infections.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1TMW

Summary Introduction

To tell:

Why antibiotics are not effective against the common cold.

Introduction:

Drugs that are used to treat the microbial infections are commonly referred to as antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial agents that are used in the treatment of helminthic, protozoan, fungal, and viral diseases are grouped as antihelminthic, antiprotozoan, antifungal, and antiviral drugs, respectively. A drug compound should merely target the pathogenic microorganisms and do not cause any harm to the host system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In the respiratory tract (upper), infections are caused by several viruses. Such infections, which generally last up to two weeks, are regarded as the common cold.

Antimicrobial agents differ in its mode of action, including inhibition of cell wall, inhibition of protein and nucleic acid synthesis, interfere with a specific component present in the plasma membrane, and inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis. Antibiotics are therapeutic agents that are produced biologically. They are antibacterial agents applied in treating infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. Viruses and bacteria are entirely different microbes (structure and survival method). Since common cold occurs as a result of viral infections, antibiotics are ineffective in the treatment of cold.

Conclusion

Antibiotics are not used in the treatment of viral infections.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1TMW

Summary Introduction

To tell:

Why antibiotics are not effective against the common cold.

Introduction:

Drugs that are used to treat the microbial infections are commonly referred to as antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial agents that are used in the treatment of helminthic, protozoan, fungal, and viral diseases are grouped as antihelminthic, antiprotozoan, antifungal, and antiviral drugs, respectively. A drug compound should merely target the pathogenic microorganisms and do not cause any harm to the host system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In the respiratory tract (upper), infections are caused by several viruses. Such infections, which generally last up to two weeks, are regarded as the common cold.

Antimicrobial agents differ in its mode of action, including inhibition of cell wall, inhibition of protein and nucleic acid synthesis, interfere with a specific component present in the plasma membrane, and inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis. Antibiotics are therapeutic agents that are produced biologically. They are antibacterial agents applied in treating infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. Viruses and bacteria are entirely different microbes (structure and survival method). Since common cold occurs as a result of viral infections, antibiotics are ineffective in the treatment of cold.

Conclusion

Antibiotics are not used in the treatment of viral infections.

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Answer 5

Chapter 10, Problem 1TMW

Summary Introduction

To tell:

Why antibiotics are not effective against the common cold.

Introduction:

Drugs that are used to treat the microbial infections are commonly referred to as antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial agents that are used in the treatment of helminthic, protozoan, fungal, and viral diseases are grouped as antihelminthic, antiprotozoan, antifungal, and antiviral drugs, respectively. A drug compound should merely target the pathogenic microorganisms and do not cause any harm to the host system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In the respiratory tract (upper), infections are caused by several viruses. Such infections, which generally last up to two weeks, are regarded as the common cold.

Antimicrobial agents differ in its mode of action, including inhibition of cell wall, inhibition of protein and nucleic acid synthesis, interfere with a specific component present in the plasma membrane, and inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis. Antibiotics are therapeutic agents that are produced biologically. They are antibacterial agents applied in treating infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. Viruses and bacteria are entirely different microbes (structure and survival method). Since common cold occurs as a result of viral infections, antibiotics are ineffective in the treatment of cold.

Conclusion

Antibiotics are not used in the treatment of viral infections.

Answer 6

Chapter 10, Problem 1TMW

Summary Introduction

To tell:

Why antibiotics are not effective against the common cold.

Introduction:

Drugs that are used to treat the microbial infections are commonly referred to as antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial agents that are used in the treatment of helminthic, protozoan, fungal, and viral diseases are grouped as antihelminthic, antiprotozoan, antifungal, and antiviral drugs, respectively. A drug compound should merely target the pathogenic microorganisms and do not cause any harm to the host system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In the respiratory tract (upper), infections are caused by several viruses. Such infections, which generally last up to two weeks, are regarded as the common cold.

Antimicrobial agents differ in its mode of action, including inhibition of cell wall, inhibition of protein and nucleic acid synthesis, interfere with a specific component present in the plasma membrane, and inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis. Antibiotics are therapeutic agents that are produced biologically. They are antibacterial agents applied in treating infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. Viruses and bacteria are entirely different microbes (structure and survival method). Since common cold occurs as a result of viral infections, antibiotics are ineffective in the treatment of cold.

Conclusion

Antibiotics are not used in the treatment of viral infections.

Answer 7

Chapter 10, Problem 1TMW

Summary Introduction

To tell:

Why antibiotics are not effective against the common cold.

Introduction:

Drugs that are used to treat the microbial infections are commonly referred to as antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial agents that are used in the treatment of helminthic, protozoan, fungal, and viral diseases are grouped as antihelminthic, antiprotozoan, antifungal, and antiviral drugs, respectively. A drug compound should merely target the pathogenic microorganisms and do not cause any harm to the host system.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In the respiratory tract (upper), infections are caused by several viruses. Such infections, which generally last up to two weeks, are regarded as the common cold.

Antimicrobial agents differ in its mode of action, including inhibition of cell wall, inhibition of protein and nucleic acid synthesis, interfere with a specific component present in the plasma membrane, and inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis. Antibiotics are therapeutic agents that are produced biologically. They are antibacterial agents applied in treating infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. Viruses and bacteria are entirely different microbes (structure and survival method). Since common cold occurs as a result of viral infections, antibiotics are ineffective in the treatment of cold.