Whether a carrier of beta globulin defective gene passes the same defect to its offspring. Introduction: Hemoglobin protein that functions as the carrier of oxygen throughout the body consists of four subunits of alpha and beta globulins. Genes that code for beta globulin proteins (a constituent of hemoglobin) are called as beta globulin gene. A beta globulin gene occurs as two copies of genes in the locus of chromosome 11. These genes encode for a protein (beta globulin protein) that together with the alpha globulin makes the structure of hemoglobin and facilitates transport of the oxygen molecules. Any mutation in these genes may leads to production of protein with altered function. And there is chance of inheritance of the mutated gene from the carrier parent to the progeny.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether a carrier of beta globulin defective gene passes the same defect to its offspring.

Introduction: Hemoglobin protein that functions as the carrier of oxygen throughout the body consists of four subunits of alpha and beta globulins. Genes that code for beta globulin proteins (a constituent of hemoglobin) are called as beta globulin gene. A beta globulin gene occurs as two copies of genes in the locus of chromosome 11. These genes encode for a protein (beta globulin protein) that together with the alpha globulin makes the structure of hemoglobin and facilitates transport of the oxygen molecules. Any mutation in these genes may leads to production of protein with altered function. And there is chance of inheritance of the mutated gene from the carrier parent to the progeny.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations lead to changes in the predetermined genetic makeup of the organism that are not usually desired but occur all of a sudden. These mutations are not always inherited to the progeny, as they descend their parents. Some mutations are corrected by self-repair mechanisms of our body and the rest are persisted and passed to the future generations. The severity of the mutation always depends upon the gene where it occurred and what changes it makes in the designed order of the genes, specifically the nucleotide sequences. But it is not necessary that a mutated gene produces a defective protein. Such mutations that will not result in altered protein product are called as silent mutations.

In silent mutations, the mutations will change the codon into another codon but still codes for the similar amino acids. Sometimes, the mutations did not affect the protein structure till it occurs at the folding domain. If not, the mutation will be a point mutation (a change in single amino acid encodes different protein).

Inheritance of the mutated gene depends highly on the precise modifications or the alterations in a particular gene. Any mutations in the beta globulin gene will give rise to various diseases. Mutations may occur at a single amino acid sequence and then lead to disease called as sickle cell anemia. A homozygous or heterozygous change in the beta globulin gene gives rise to a disease called beta thalassemia. The inheritance of the defective gene in beta thalassemia depends on the carriers of the disease. A progeny by birth has a defective beta globulin gene when both of the parents are the carriers of the same defective gene and if only one parent is affected and carries a defective gene, then only 50% of their offspring will carry the disease with a mutated gene.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.

With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether a carrier of beta globulin defective gene passes the same defect to its offspring.

Introduction: Hemoglobin protein that functions as the carrier of oxygen throughout the body consists of four subunits of alpha and beta globulins. Genes that code for beta globulin proteins (a constituent of hemoglobin) are called as beta globulin gene. A beta globulin gene occurs as two copies of genes in the locus of chromosome 11. These genes encode for a protein (beta globulin protein) that together with the alpha globulin makes the structure of hemoglobin and facilitates transport of the oxygen molecules. Any mutation in these genes may leads to production of protein with altered function. And there is chance of inheritance of the mutated gene from the carrier parent to the progeny.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations lead to changes in the predetermined genetic makeup of the organism that are not usually desired but occur all of a sudden. These mutations are not always inherited to the progeny, as they descend their parents. Some mutations are corrected by self-repair mechanisms of our body and the rest are persisted and passed to the future generations. The severity of the mutation always depends upon the gene where it occurred and what changes it makes in the designed order of the genes, specifically the nucleotide sequences. But it is not necessary that a mutated gene produces a defective protein. Such mutations that will not result in altered protein product are called as silent mutations.

In silent mutations, the mutations will change the codon into another codon but still codes for the similar amino acids. Sometimes, the mutations did not affect the protein structure till it occurs at the folding domain. If not, the mutation will be a point mutation (a change in single amino acid encodes different protein).

Inheritance of the mutated gene depends highly on the precise modifications or the alterations in a particular gene. Any mutations in the beta globulin gene will give rise to various diseases. Mutations may occur at a single amino acid sequence and then lead to disease called as sickle cell anemia. A homozygous or heterozygous change in the beta globulin gene gives rise to a disease called beta thalassemia. The inheritance of the defective gene in beta thalassemia depends on the carriers of the disease. A progeny by birth has a defective beta globulin gene when both of the parents are the carriers of the same defective gene and if only one parent is affected and carries a defective gene, then only 50% of their offspring will carry the disease with a mutated gene.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether a carrier of beta globulin defective gene passes the same defect to its offspring.

Introduction: Hemoglobin protein that functions as the carrier of oxygen throughout the body consists of four subunits of alpha and beta globulins. Genes that code for beta globulin proteins (a constituent of hemoglobin) are called as beta globulin gene. A beta globulin gene occurs as two copies of genes in the locus of chromosome 11. These genes encode for a protein (beta globulin protein) that together with the alpha globulin makes the structure of hemoglobin and facilitates transport of the oxygen molecules. Any mutation in these genes may leads to production of protein with altered function. And there is chance of inheritance of the mutated gene from the carrier parent to the progeny.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations lead to changes in the predetermined genetic makeup of the organism that are not usually desired but occur all of a sudden. These mutations are not always inherited to the progeny, as they descend their parents. Some mutations are corrected by self-repair mechanisms of our body and the rest are persisted and passed to the future generations. The severity of the mutation always depends upon the gene where it occurred and what changes it makes in the designed order of the genes, specifically the nucleotide sequences. But it is not necessary that a mutated gene produces a defective protein. Such mutations that will not result in altered protein product are called as silent mutations.

In silent mutations, the mutations will change the codon into another codon but still codes for the similar amino acids. Sometimes, the mutations did not affect the protein structure till it occurs at the folding domain. If not, the mutation will be a point mutation (a change in single amino acid encodes different protein).

Inheritance of the mutated gene depends highly on the precise modifications or the alterations in a particular gene. Any mutations in the beta globulin gene will give rise to various diseases. Mutations may occur at a single amino acid sequence and then lead to disease called as sickle cell anemia. A homozygous or heterozygous change in the beta globulin gene gives rise to a disease called beta thalassemia. The inheritance of the defective gene in beta thalassemia depends on the carriers of the disease. A progeny by birth has a defective beta globulin gene when both of the parents are the carriers of the same defective gene and if only one parent is affected and carries a defective gene, then only 50% of their offspring will carry the disease with a mutated gene.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether a carrier of beta globulin defective gene passes the same defect to its offspring.

Introduction: Hemoglobin protein that functions as the carrier of oxygen throughout the body consists of four subunits of alpha and beta globulins. Genes that code for beta globulin proteins (a constituent of hemoglobin) are called as beta globulin gene. A beta globulin gene occurs as two copies of genes in the locus of chromosome 11. These genes encode for a protein (beta globulin protein) that together with the alpha globulin makes the structure of hemoglobin and facilitates transport of the oxygen molecules. Any mutation in these genes may leads to production of protein with altered function. And there is chance of inheritance of the mutated gene from the carrier parent to the progeny.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations lead to changes in the predetermined genetic makeup of the organism that are not usually desired but occur all of a sudden. These mutations are not always inherited to the progeny, as they descend their parents. Some mutations are corrected by self-repair mechanisms of our body and the rest are persisted and passed to the future generations. The severity of the mutation always depends upon the gene where it occurred and what changes it makes in the designed order of the genes, specifically the nucleotide sequences. But it is not necessary that a mutated gene produces a defective protein. Such mutations that will not result in altered protein product are called as silent mutations.

In silent mutations, the mutations will change the codon into another codon but still codes for the similar amino acids. Sometimes, the mutations did not affect the protein structure till it occurs at the folding domain. If not, the mutation will be a point mutation (a change in single amino acid encodes different protein).

Inheritance of the mutated gene depends highly on the precise modifications or the alterations in a particular gene. Any mutations in the beta globulin gene will give rise to various diseases. Mutations may occur at a single amino acid sequence and then lead to disease called as sickle cell anemia. A homozygous or heterozygous change in the beta globulin gene gives rise to a disease called beta thalassemia. The inheritance of the defective gene in beta thalassemia depends on the carriers of the disease. A progeny by birth has a defective beta globulin gene when both of the parents are the carriers of the same defective gene and if only one parent is affected and carries a defective gene, then only 50% of their offspring will carry the disease with a mutated gene.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 10, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether a carrier of beta globulin defective gene passes the same defect to its offspring.

Introduction: Hemoglobin protein that functions as the carrier of oxygen throughout the body consists of four subunits of alpha and beta globulins. Genes that code for beta globulin proteins (a constituent of hemoglobin) are called as beta globulin gene. A beta globulin gene occurs as two copies of genes in the locus of chromosome 11. These genes encode for a protein (beta globulin protein) that together with the alpha globulin makes the structure of hemoglobin and facilitates transport of the oxygen molecules. Any mutation in these genes may leads to production of protein with altered function. And there is chance of inheritance of the mutated gene from the carrier parent to the progeny.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations lead to changes in the predetermined genetic makeup of the organism that are not usually desired but occur all of a sudden. These mutations are not always inherited to the progeny, as they descend their parents. Some mutations are corrected by self-repair mechanisms of our body and the rest are persisted and passed to the future generations. The severity of the mutation always depends upon the gene where it occurred and what changes it makes in the designed order of the genes, specifically the nucleotide sequences. But it is not necessary that a mutated gene produces a defective protein. Such mutations that will not result in altered protein product are called as silent mutations.

In silent mutations, the mutations will change the codon into another codon but still codes for the similar amino acids. Sometimes, the mutations did not affect the protein structure till it occurs at the folding domain. If not, the mutation will be a point mutation (a change in single amino acid encodes different protein).

Inheritance of the mutated gene depends highly on the precise modifications or the alterations in a particular gene. Any mutations in the beta globulin gene will give rise to various diseases. Mutations may occur at a single amino acid sequence and then lead to disease called as sickle cell anemia. A homozygous or heterozygous change in the beta globulin gene gives rise to a disease called beta thalassemia. The inheritance of the defective gene in beta thalassemia depends on the carriers of the disease. A progeny by birth has a defective beta globulin gene when both of the parents are the carriers of the same defective gene and if only one parent is affected and carries a defective gene, then only 50% of their offspring will carry the disease with a mutated gene.

Answer 6

Chapter 10, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether a carrier of beta globulin defective gene passes the same defect to its offspring.

Introduction: Hemoglobin protein that functions as the carrier of oxygen throughout the body consists of four subunits of alpha and beta globulins. Genes that code for beta globulin proteins (a constituent of hemoglobin) are called as beta globulin gene. A beta globulin gene occurs as two copies of genes in the locus of chromosome 11. These genes encode for a protein (beta globulin protein) that together with the alpha globulin makes the structure of hemoglobin and facilitates transport of the oxygen molecules. Any mutation in these genes may leads to production of protein with altered function. And there is chance of inheritance of the mutated gene from the carrier parent to the progeny.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations lead to changes in the predetermined genetic makeup of the organism that are not usually desired but occur all of a sudden. These mutations are not always inherited to the progeny, as they descend their parents. Some mutations are corrected by self-repair mechanisms of our body and the rest are persisted and passed to the future generations. The severity of the mutation always depends upon the gene where it occurred and what changes it makes in the designed order of the genes, specifically the nucleotide sequences. But it is not necessary that a mutated gene produces a defective protein. Such mutations that will not result in altered protein product are called as silent mutations.

In silent mutations, the mutations will change the codon into another codon but still codes for the similar amino acids. Sometimes, the mutations did not affect the protein structure till it occurs at the folding domain. If not, the mutation will be a point mutation (a change in single amino acid encodes different protein).

Inheritance of the mutated gene depends highly on the precise modifications or the alterations in a particular gene. Any mutations in the beta globulin gene will give rise to various diseases. Mutations may occur at a single amino acid sequence and then lead to disease called as sickle cell anemia. A homozygous or heterozygous change in the beta globulin gene gives rise to a disease called beta thalassemia. The inheritance of the defective gene in beta thalassemia depends on the carriers of the disease. A progeny by birth has a defective beta globulin gene when both of the parents are the carriers of the same defective gene and if only one parent is affected and carries a defective gene, then only 50% of their offspring will carry the disease with a mutated gene.

Answer 7

Chapter 10, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether a carrier of beta globulin defective gene passes the same defect to its offspring.

Introduction: Hemoglobin protein that functions as the carrier of oxygen throughout the body consists of four subunits of alpha and beta globulins. Genes that code for beta globulin proteins (a constituent of hemoglobin) are called as beta globulin gene. A beta globulin gene occurs as two copies of genes in the locus of chromosome 11. These genes encode for a protein (beta globulin protein) that together with the alpha globulin makes the structure of hemoglobin and facilitates transport of the oxygen molecules. Any mutation in these genes may leads to production of protein with altered function. And there is chance of inheritance of the mutated gene from the carrier parent to the progeny.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations lead to changes in the predetermined genetic makeup of the organism that are not usually desired but occur all of a sudden. These mutations are not always inherited to the progeny, as they descend their parents. Some mutations are corrected by self-repair mechanisms of our body and the rest are persisted and passed to the future generations. The severity of the mutation always depends upon the gene where it occurred and what changes it makes in the designed order of the genes, specifically the nucleotide sequences. But it is not necessary that a mutated gene produces a defective protein. Such mutations that will not result in altered protein product are called as silent mutations.

In silent mutations, the mutations will change the codon into another codon but still codes for the similar amino acids. Sometimes, the mutations did not affect the protein structure till it occurs at the folding domain. If not, the mutation will be a point mutation (a change in single amino acid encodes different protein).

Inheritance of the mutated gene depends highly on the precise modifications or the alterations in a particular gene. Any mutations in the beta globulin gene will give rise to various diseases. Mutations may occur at a single amino acid sequence and then lead to disease called as sickle cell anemia. A homozygous or heterozygous change in the beta globulin gene gives rise to a disease called beta thalassemia. The inheritance of the defective gene in beta thalassemia depends on the carriers of the disease. A progeny by birth has a defective beta globulin gene when both of the parents are the carriers of the same defective gene and if only one parent is affected and carries a defective gene, then only 50% of their offspring will carry the disease with a mutated gene.