Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 13E
What are the advantages of using radar imaging rather than ordinary cameras to study the topography of Venus? What are the relative advantages of these two approaches to mapping Earth or Mars?
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Which of the following planetary traits is well established?
choose one of the following:
a) Mercury has a similar compositon to that of our moon, in that they both have a substantial metal content.
b) Venus rotates more rapidly than Earth, but in the opposite direction.
c) Earth's atmosphere exhibits a slightly stronger greenhouse effect than that seen on Venus.
d)Astronomers have precisely calculated the mass of Mercury thanks to artificial satellites sent from Earth.
Eventually, space telescopes have shown that Venus is shrouded by a very dense atmosphere (see Figure 6). To pierce through the dense clouds and study its surface, astronomers had to use radio imaging (see Figure 7). Venus’ atmosphere is transparent to radio waves.
Research and explain briefly how, through radio imaging, Venus’ surface could be reconstructed.
What component of Venus’s atmosphere causes the planet to be so hot? Explain whythere is so much of this gas in the atmosphere of Venus, compared with its presence inEarth’s atmosphere. What happened to all the water that Venus must have had when theplanet formed?
Chapter 10 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 10 - List several ways that Venus, Earth, and Mars are...Ch. 10 - Compare the current atmospheres of Earth, Venus,...Ch. 10 - How might Venus’ atmosphere have evolved to its...Ch. 10 - Describe the current atmosphere on Mars. What...Ch. 10 - Explain the runaway refrigerator effect and the...Ch. 10 - What evidence do we have that there was running...Ch. 10 - What evidence is there that Venus was volcanically...Ch. 10 - Why is Mars red?Ch. 10 - What is the composition of clouds on Mars?Ch. 10 - What is the composition of the polar caps on Mars?
Ch. 10 - Describe two anomalous features of the rotation of...Ch. 10 - How was the Mars Odyssey spacecraft able to detect...Ch. 10 - What are the advantages of using radar imaging...Ch. 10 - Venus and Earth are nearly the same size and...Ch. 10 - Why is there so much more carbon dioxide in the...Ch. 10 - If the Viking missions were such a rich source of...Ch. 10 - Compare Mars with Mercury and the Moon in terms of...Ch. 10 - Contrast the mountains on Mars and Venus with...Ch. 10 - We believe that all of the terrestrial planets had...Ch. 10 - Is it likely that life ever existed on either...Ch. 10 - Suppose that, decades from now, NASA is...Ch. 10 - We believe that Venus, Earth, and Mars all started...Ch. 10 - One source of information about Mars has been the...Ch. 10 - The runaway greenhouse effect and its inverse, the...Ch. 10 - In what way is the high surface temperature of...Ch. 10 - What is a dust devil? Would you expect to feel...Ch. 10 - Near the martian equator, temperatures at the same...Ch. 10 - Estimate the amount of water there could be in a...Ch. 10 - At its nearest, Venus comes within about 41...Ch. 10 - If you weigh 150 lbs. on the surface of Earth, how...Ch. 10 - Calculate the relative land area-that is, the...Ch. 10 - The closest approach distance between Mars and...
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- How are todays atmospheres of Venus and Mars similar? How are they different?arrow_forwardThe runaway greenhouse effect and its inverse, the runaway refrigerator effect, have led to harsh, uninhabitable conditions on Venus and Mars. Does the greenhouse effect always cause climate changes leading to loss of water and life? Give a reason for your answer.arrow_forwardWhy is there so much more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Venus than in that of Earth? Why so much more carbon dioxide than on Mars?arrow_forward
- How might Venus’ atmosphere have evolved to its present state through a runaway greenhouse effect?arrow_forwardWhat evidence can you give that Venus once had significant amounts of water? Where did that water come from? Where did it go?arrow_forwardHow can planetary scientists estimate the ages of the outflow channels and valley networks on Mars?arrow_forward
- Describe two anomalous features of the rotation of Venus and what might account for them.arrow_forwardWhy do small planets cool faster than large planets? Choose any two of the five Terrestrial worlds and calculate for each one the ratio of its surface area to its volume. Why is this ratio important? (Hint: Does this ratio have anything to do with the ability of a planet to lose internal heat?) (Note: The surface area of a sphere is 4r2, and the volume of a sphere is 43r3.)arrow_forwardPlanetary scientists are hoping that the samples collected by the Perseverance Mars rover will eventually be collected by other robotic spacecraft and returned to Earth. Even if Perseverance could collect samples from all over Mars's surface, why wouldn't this tell us what the entire planet is made of? Group of answer choices The deep interior of Mars has had its composition altered (compared to the surface) by the impacts of asteroids that plunged almost all the way down to Mars's center. Since Mars has a powerful magnetic field, it must have a liquid-iron portion of its core, and this material can't be collected by a rover on the surface. Early in its history, Mars differentiated into layers of materials that had different densities, much like the Earth did. Mars has such a low density that most of its interior must be made of liquid water and ice, so rocks from the surface simply won't be representative of the deep interior.arrow_forward
- Assume that Venus has an isothermal atmosphere with a surface temperature of 750 K. The surface pressure of Venus is 90 times the Earth's surface pressure which is about 1013mb. Also assume that the carbon dioxide dominant atmosphere of Venus is photodissociated and oxygen atoms are produced. These oxygen atoms stop the solar wind at the ionopause distance where the atmospheric pressure of Venus and the dynamic pressure of the solar wind are in balance. Accordingly, calculate the lonopause distance of the planet Venus if the solar wind density is 7 #/cm² and solar wind speed is 410 km/sec.arrow_forwardGo to the home page for NASA’s Mars Exploration Program, and look for the latest evidence concerning recent water flows on Mars. Write a few paragraphs describing the new evidence and what it tells us about the planet’s past.arrow_forwardOne source of information about Mars has been the analysis of meteorites from Mars. Since no samples from Mars have ever been returned to Earth from any of the missions we sent there, how do we know these meteorites are from Mars? What information have they revealed about Mars?arrow_forward
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