
Concept explainers
SALES AND CASH RECEIPTS TRANSACTIONS Paul Jackson owns a retail business. The following sales, returns, and cash receipts are for April 20--. There is a 7% sales tax.
REQUIRED
- 1. Record the transactions starring on page 7 of a general journal.
- 2. Post from the journal to the general ledger and
accounts receivable ledger accounts. Use account numbers as shown in the chapter.
1.

Journalize the transactions related to sales and cash receipt transactions.
Explanation of Solution
Journal entry: Journal entry is a set of economic events which can be measured in monetary terms. These are recorded chronologically and systematically.
Debit and credit rules:
- Debit an increase in asset account, increase in expense account, decrease in liability account, and decrease in stockholders’ equity accounts.
- Credit decrease in asset account, increase in revenue account, increase in liability account, and increase in stockholders’ equity accounts.
Journalize the transactions related to sales and cash receipt transactions.
Transaction on April 1:
Page: 7 | ||||||
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
20-- | ||||||
April | 1 | Accounts Receivable, OLM | 122/✓ | 2,247 | ||
Sales | 401 | 2,100 | ||||
Sales Tax Payable | 231 | 147 | ||||
(Record credit sale) |
Table (1)
Description:
- Accounts Receivable, OLM is an asset account. Since sales is made on account, the receivables increased, and an increase in asset is debited.
- Sales is a revenue account. Since revenues and gains increase equity, equity value is increased, and an increase in equity is credited.
- Sales Tax Payable is a liability account. Since the payable increased, the liability increased, and an increase in liability is credited.
Working Note 1:
Compute sales tax payable amount.
Working Note 2:
Compute accounts receivable amount (Refer to Working Note 1 for value of sales tax payable).
Transaction on April 3:
Page: 7 | ||||||
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
20-- | ||||||
April | 3 | Accounts Receivable, AP | 122/✓ | 1,070.00 | ||
Sales | 401 | 1,000.00 | ||||
Sales Tax Payable | 231 | 70.00 | ||||
(Record credit sale) |
Table (2)
Description:
- Accounts Receivable, AP is an asset account. Since sales is made on account, the receivables increased, and an increase in asset is debited.
- Sales is a revenue account. Since revenues and gains increase equity, equity value is increased, and an increase in equity is credited.
- Sales Tax Payable is a liability account. Since the payable increased, the liability increased, and an increase in liability is credited.
Working Note 3:
Compute sales tax payable amount.
Working Note 4:
Compute accounts receivable amount (Refer to Working Note 3 for value of sales tax payable).
Transaction on April 6:
Page: 7 | ||||||
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
20-- | ||||||
April | 6 | Sales Returns and Allowances | 401.1 | 50.00 | ||
Sales Tax Payable | 231 | 3.50 | ||||
Accounts Receivable, OLM | 122/✓ | 53.50 | ||||
(Record merchandise returned) |
Table (3)
Description:
- Sales Returns and Allowances is a contra-revenue account, and contra-revenue accounts decrease the equity value, and a decrease in equity is debited.
- Sales Tax Payable is a liability account. Since the payable decreased due to returns, the liability decreased, and a decrease in liability is debited.
- Accounts Receivable, OLM is an asset account. Since inventory is returned, amount to be received has decreased, asset account is decreased, and a decrease in asset is credited.
Working Note 5:
Compute sales tax payable amount.
Working Note 6:
Compute accounts receivable amount (Refer to Working Note 5 for value of sales tax payable).
Transaction on April 7:
Page: 7 | ||||||
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
20-- | ||||||
April | 7 | Cash | 101 | 3,466.80 | ||
Sales | 401 | 3,240.00 | ||||
Sales Tax Payable | 231 | 226.80 | ||||
(Record cash sales) |
Table (4)
Description:
- Cash is an asset account. Since cash is received, asset account increased, and an increase in asset is debited.
- Sales is a revenue account. Since revenues and gains increase equity, equity value is increased, and an increase in equity is credited.
- Sales Tax Payable is a liability account. Since the payable increased, the liability increased, and an increase in liability is credited.
Working Note 7:
Compute sales tax payable amount.
Working Note 8:
Compute cash amount (Refer to Working Note 7 for value of sales tax payable).
Transaction on April 9:
Page: 7 | ||||||
Date | Account Titles and Explanations | Post. Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
April | 9 | Cash | 101 | 2,193.50 | ||
Accounts Receivable, OLM | 122/✓ | 2,193.50 | ||||
(Record cash received for sales on account) |
Table (5)
Description:
- Cash is an asset account. Since cash is received, asset account increased, and an increase in asset is debited.
- Accounts Receivable, OLM is an asset account. Since amount to be received has decreased, asset account decreased, and a decrease in asset is credited.
Working Note 9:
Compute accounts receivable value (Refer to Working Notes 2 and 6 for both the values).
Transaction on April 12:
Page: 7 | ||||||
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
20-- | ||||||
April | 12 | Accounts Receivable, MR | 122/✓ | 1,048.60 | ||
Sales | 401 | 980.00 | ||||
Sales Tax Payable | 231 | 68.60 | ||||
(Record credit sale) |
Table (6)
Description:
- Accounts Receivable, MR is an asset account. Since sales is made on account, the receivables increased, and an increase in asset is debited.
- Sales is a revenue account. Since revenues and gains increase equity, equity value is increased, and an increase in equity is credited.
- Sales Tax Payable is a liability account. Since the payable increased, the liability increased, and an increase in liability is credited.
Working Note 10:
Compute sales tax payable amount.
Working Note 11:
Compute accounts receivable amount (Refer to Working Note 10 for value of sales tax payable).
Transaction on April 14:
Page: 7 | ||||||
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
20-- | ||||||
April | 14 | Cash | 101 | 2,332.60 | ||
Sales | 401 | 2,180.00 | ||||
Sales Tax Payable | 231 | 152.60 | ||||
(Record cash sales) |
Table (7)
Description:
- Cash is an asset account. Since cash is received, asset account increased, and an increase in asset is debited.
- Sales is a revenue account. Since revenues and gains increase equity, equity value is increased, and an increase in equity is credited.
- Sales Tax Payable is a liability account. Since the payable increased, the liability increased, and an increase in liability is credited.
Working Note 12:
Compute sales tax payable amount.
Working Note 13:
Compute cash amount (Refer to Working Note 12 for value of sales tax payable).
Transaction on April 17:
Page: 7 | ||||||
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
20-- | ||||||
April | 17 | Sales Returns and Allowances | 401.1 | 40.00 | ||
Sales Tax Payable | 231 | 2.80 | ||||
Accounts Receivable, MR | 122/✓ | 42.80 | ||||
(Record merchandise returned) |
Table (8)
Description:
- Sales Returns and Allowances is a contra-revenue account, and contra-revenue accounts decrease the equity value, and a decrease in equity is debited.
- Sales Tax Payable is a liability account. Since the payable decreased due to returns, the liability decreased, and a decrease in liability is debited.
- Accounts Receivable, MR is an asset account. Since inventory is returned, amount to be received has decreased, asset account is decreased, and a decrease in asset is credited.
Working Note 14:
Compute sales tax payable amount.
Working Note 15:
Compute accounts receivable amount (Refer to Working Note 14 for value of sales tax payable).
Transaction on April 19:
Page: 7 | ||||||
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
20-- | ||||||
April | 19 | Accounts Receivable, KM | 122/✓ | 1,091.40 | ||
Sales | 401 | 1,020.00 | ||||
Sales Tax Payable | 231 | 71.40 | ||||
(Record credit sale) |
Table (9)
Description:
- Accounts Receivable, KM is an asset account. Since sales is made on account, the receivables increased, and an increase in asset is debited.
- Sales is a revenue account. Since revenues and gains increase equity, equity value is increased, and an increase in equity is credited.
- Sales Tax Payable is a liability account. Since the payable increased, the liability increased, and an increase in liability is credited.
Working Note 16:
Compute sales tax payable amount.
Working Note 17:
Compute accounts receivable amount (Refer to Working Note 16 for value of sales tax payable).
Transaction on April 21:
Page: 7 | ||||||
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
20-- | ||||||
April | 21 | Cash | 101 | 2,782 | ||
Sales | 401 | 2,600 | ||||
Sales Tax Payable | 231 | 182 | ||||
(Record cash sales) |
Table (10)
Description:
- Cash is an asset account. Since cash is received, asset account increased, and an increase in asset is debited.
- Sales is a revenue account. Since revenues and gains increase equity, equity value is increased, and an increase in equity is credited.
- Sales Tax Payable is a liability account. Since the payable increased, the liability increased, and an increase in liability is credited.
Working Note 18:
Compute sales tax payable amount.
Working Note 19:
Compute cash amount (Refer to Working Note 18 for value of sales tax payable).
Transaction on April 24:
Page: 7 | ||||||
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
20-- | ||||||
April | 24 | Accounts Receivable, OLM | 122/✓ | 984.40 | ||
Sales | 401 | 920.00 | ||||
Sales Tax Payable | 231 | 64.40 | ||||
(Record credit sale) |
Table (11)
Description:
- Accounts Receivable, OLM is an asset account. Since sales is made on account, the receivables increased, and an increase in asset is debited.
- Sales is a revenue account. Since revenues and gains increase equity, equity value is increased, and an increase in equity is credited.
- Sales Tax Payable is a liability account. Since the payable increased, the liability increased, and an increase in liability is credited.
Working Note 20:
Compute sales tax payable amount.
Working Note 21:
Compute accounts receivable amount (Refer to Working Note 20 for value of sales tax payable).
Transaction on April 27:
Page: 7 | ||||||
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
20-- | ||||||
April | 27 | Accounts Receivable, AP | 122/✓ | 1,412.40 | ||
Sales | 401 | 1,320.00 | ||||
Sales Tax Payable | 231 | 92.40 | ||||
(Record credit sale) |
Table (12)
Description:
- Accounts Receivable, AP is an asset account. Since sales is made on account, the receivables increased, and an increase in asset is debited.
- Sales is a revenue account. Since revenues and gains increase equity, equity value is increased, and an increase in equity is credited.
- Sales Tax Payable is a liability account. Since the payable increased, the liability increased, and an increase in liability is credited.
Working Note 22:
Compute sales tax payable amount.
Working Note 23:
Compute accounts receivable amount (Refer to Working Note 22 for value of sales tax payable).
Transaction on April 28:
Page: 7 | ||||||
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
20-- | ||||||
April | 28 | Cash | 101 | 2,996 | ||
Sales | 401 | 2,800 | ||||
Sales Tax Payable | 231 | 196 | ||||
(Record cash sales) |
Table (13)
Description:
- Cash is an asset account. Since cash is received, asset account increased, and an increase in asset is debited.
- Sales is a revenue account. Since revenues and gains increase equity, equity value is increased, and an increase in equity is credited.
- Sales Tax Payable is a liability account. Since the payable increased, the liability increased, and an increase in liability is credited.
Working Note 24:
Compute sales tax payable amount.
Working Note 25:
Compute cash amount (Refer to Working Note 24 for value of sales tax payable).
Transaction on April 29:
Page: 7 | ||||||
Date | Account Titles and Explanations | Post. Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
April | 29 | Cash | 101 | 2,186 | ||
Accounts Receivable, MR | 122/✓ | 2,186 | ||||
(Record cash received for sales on account) |
Table (14)
Description:
- Cash is an asset account. Since cash is received, asset account increased, and an increase in asset is debited.
- Accounts Receivable, MR is an asset account. Since amount to be received has decreased, asset account decreased, and a decrease in asset is credited.
2.

Post the journalized entries into the accounts of the general ledger, and the customer accounts in accounts receivable ledger.
Explanation of Solution
Posting transactions: The process of transferring the journalized transactions into the accounts of the ledger is known as posting the transactions.
Post the journalized entries into the accounts of the general ledger.
ACCOUNT Cash ACCOUNT NO. 101 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
20-- | |||||||
April | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 2,864.54 | |||
7 | J7 | 3,466.80 | 6,331.34 | ||||
9 | J7 | 2,193.50 | 8,524.84 | ||||
14 | J7 | 2,332.60 | 10,857.44 | ||||
21 | J7 | 2,782.00 | 13,639.44 | ||||
28 | J7 | 2,996.00 | 16,635.44 | ||||
29 | J7 | 2,186.00 | 18,821.44 |
Table (15)
ACCOUNT Accounts Receivable ACCOUNT NO. 122 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
20-- | |||||||
April | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 2,726.25 | |||
1 | J7 | 2,247.00 | 4,973.25 | ||||
3 | J7 | 1,070.00 | 6,043.25 | ||||
6 | J7 | 53.50 | 5,989.75 | ||||
9 | J7 | 2,193.50 | 3,796.25 | ||||
12 | J7 | 1,048.60 | 4,844.85 | ||||
17 | J7 | 42.80 | 4,802.05 | ||||
19 | J7 | 1,091.40 | 5,893.45 | ||||
24 | J7 | 984.40 | 6,877.85 | ||||
27 | J7 | 1,412.40 | 8,290.25 | ||||
29 | J7 | 2,186.00 | 6,104.25 |
Table (16)
ACCOUNT Sales Tax Payable ACCOUNT NO. 231 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
20-- | |||||||
April | 1 | J7 | 147.00 | 147.00 | |||
3 | J7 | 70.00 | 217.00 | ||||
6 | J7 | 3.50 | 213.50 | ||||
7 | J7 | 226.80 | 440.30 | ||||
12 | J7 | 68.60 | 508.90 | ||||
14 | J7 | 152.60 | 661.50 | ||||
17 | J7 | 2.80 | 658.70 | ||||
19 | J7 | 71.40 | 730.10 | ||||
21 | J7 | 182.00 | 912.10 | ||||
24 | J7 | 64.40 | 976.50 | ||||
27 | J7 | 92.40 | 1,068.90 | ||||
28 | J7 | 196.00 | 1,264.90 |
Table (17)
ACCOUNT Sales ACCOUNT NO. 401 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
20-- | |||||||
April | 1 | J7 | 2,100 | 2,100 | |||
3 | J7 | 1,000 | 3,100 | ||||
7 | J7 | 3,240 | 6,340 | ||||
12 | J7 | 980 | 7,320 | ||||
14 | J7 | 2,180 | 9,500 | ||||
19 | J7 | 1,020 | 10,520 | ||||
21 | J7 | 2,600 | 13,120 | ||||
24 | J7 | 920 | 14,040 | ||||
27 | J7 | 1,320 | 15,360 | ||||
28 | J7 | 2,800 | 18,160 |
Table (18)
ACCOUNT Sales Returns and Allowances ACCOUNT NO. 401.1 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
20-- | |||||||
April | 6 | J7 | 50.00 | 50.00 | |||
17 | J7 | 40.00 | 90.00 |
Table (19)
Post the journalized entries into the customer accounts in accounts receivable ledger.
NAME OLM | ||||||
ADDRESS | ||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance ($) | |
20-- | ||||||
April | 1 | J7 | 2,247.00 | 2,247.00 | ||
6 | J7 | 53.50 | 2,193.50 | |||
9 | J7 | 2,193.50 | 0 | |||
24 | J7 | 984.40 | 984.40 |
Table (20)
NAME KM | ||||||
ADDRESS | ||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance ($) | |
20-- | ||||||
April | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 482.00 | ||
19 | J7 | 1,091.40 | 1,573.40 |
Table (21)
NAME AP | ||||||
ADDRESS | ||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance ($) | |
20-- | ||||||
April | 3 | J7 | 1,070.00 | 1,070.00 | ||
27 | J7 | 1,412.40 | 2,482.40 |
Table (22)
NAME MR | ||||||
ADDRESS | ||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance ($) | |
20-- | ||||||
April | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 2,244.25 | ||
12 | J7 | 1,048.60 | 3,292.85 | |||
17 | J7 | 42.80 | 3,250.05 | |||
29 | J7 | 2,186.00 | 1,064.05 |
Table (23)
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