Recent research has demonstrated that music-based physical training for elderly people can improve balance, walking efficiency, and reduce the risk of falls (Trombetti et at., 2011). As part of the training, participants walked in time to music and responded to changes in the music’s rhythm during a 1-hour per week exercise program. After 6 months, participants in the training group increased their walking speed and their stride length compared to individuals in the control group. The following data are similar to the results obtained in the study.
Exercise Group |
Stride Length
Stride Length
Do the results indicate a significant difference in the stride length for the two groups? Use a two-tailed test with
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Bundle: Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, Loose-leaf Version, 10th + Aplia, 1 term Printed Access Card
- Recent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. After receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patient. The following data are similar to the results of the study. LowModerate HighModerate ModeratelySevere Severe 2.2 1.4 3.4 3.4 1.5 1.4 3.5 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.3 1.7 2.6 4.4 3.6 1.3 1.5 2.6 3.2 1.3 2.6 2.8 3.5 Fill in the summary table for the ANOVA test: degrees of freedom (d.f.) Sum of Squares (S.S.) Mean Square (M.S.) Between Within Total From this table, obtain the necessary statistics for the ANOVA:F-ratio (F-test statistic): p-value: η2η2 (Eta squared = Sum of squares betweenSum of squares totalSum…arrow_forwardResearchers have sought to examine the effect of various types of music on agitation levels in patients who are in the early and middle stages of Alzheimer's disease. Patients were selected to participate in the study based on their stage of Alzheimer's disease. Three forms of music were tested: Easy listening, Mozart, and piano interludes. While listening to music, agitation levels were recorded for the patients with a high score indicating a higher level of agitation. Scores are recorded below. Group Piano Interlude Mozart Easy Listening Early Stage Alzheimer's 22222 21 9 24 12 18 20 9 62056 10 24 22222 29 26 30 26 Mean=21.0 Mean=9.0 Mean=27.0 20 25 Middle Stage Alzheimer's 22222 14 18 18 11 18 9 13 20 13 19 58230 15 Fill in the missing values in the ANOVA table and use the information to test the appropriate hypotheses using a significance level of 0.05. Mean=21.0 Mean=13.0 Mean=17.0 Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F F- critical Type of music 740 3.4028 Degree of 30 4.2597…arrow_forwardResearchers have sought to examine the effect of various types of music on agitation levels in patients who are in the early and middle stages of Alzheimer's disease. Patients were selected to participate in the study based on their stage of Alzheimer's disease. Three forms of music were tested: Easy listening, Mozart, and piano interludes. While listening to music, agitation levels were recorded for the patients with a high score indicating a higher level of agitation. Scores are recorded below. Group Piano Interlude Mozart Easy Listening Early Stage Alzheimer's 2124221820 Mean=21.0 9121059 Mean=9.0 2926302426 Mean=27.0 Middle Stage Alzheimer's 2220251820 Mean=21.0 141811913 Mean=13.0 1518201319 Mean=17.0 Complete the following ANOVA table. Source df SS MS F Type of Music 2 740 Degree of Alzheimer's 1 30 Interaction 2 260 Error 24 178 Total 29 1208…arrow_forward
- Some studies have suggested that a nightly glass of wine may not only take the edge off a day but also improve health. Is wine good for your health? A study of nearly 1.31.3 million middle‑aged British women examined wine consumption and the risk of breast cancer. The researchers were interested in how risk changed as wine consumption increased. Risk is based on breast cancer rates in drinkers relative to breast cancer rates in nondrinkers in the study, with higher values indicating greater risk. In particular, a value greater than 11 indicates a greater breast cancer rate than that of nondrinkers. Wine intake is the mean wine intake, in grams per day, of all women in the study who drank the same amount of wine per week. The given table contains data for drinkers only. Wine intake ?x (grams per day) 2.52.5 8.58.5 15.515.5 26.526.5 Relative risk ?y 1.001.00 1.081.08 1.151.15 1.221.22 (a) Based on the scatterplot, do you expect the correlation to be positive or negative?…arrow_forwardRecent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Drodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. Alter receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patienL. The following data are similar to the results of the study. Using MS Excel, run the independent-measures single-factor ANOVA for this data: High Moderately Severe Low Moderate Moderate Severe 1.8 2.9 2.7 3.1 28 1.6 3.9 45 2.9 21 25 1 2.1 1.5 3.6 32 1.4 4.7 3.7 0.4 2.8 43 22 Fill in the summary lable for the ANOA test (Round arswers for S5 arnd MS to 3 decimal places,.) S.S. df. M.S. |Веtween Within TOTAL Also from Excel, obtain the necessary statistics for the ANOVA test: (Report Pvalue & Fratio accurate to 3 decimal places.) Fratio: pvalue: What is your final…arrow_forwardDoes posting calorie content for menu items affect people’s choices in fast-food restaurants? According to results obtained by Elbel, Gyamfi, and Kersh (2011), the answer is no. The researchers monitored the calorie content of food purchases for children and adolescents in four large fast-food chains before and after mandatory labeling began in New York City. Although most of the adolescents reported noticing the calorie labels, apparently the labels had no effect on their choices. Data similar to the results obtained show an average of M =786 per meal with s = 85 for n =100 children and adolescents before the labeling, compared to an average M = 772of with s =91 for a similar sample of n = 100 after the mandatory posting. Use a two-tailed test with alpha = .05 to determine whether the mean number of calories after the posting is significantly different than before calorie content was posted.arrow_forward
- Does posting calorie content for menu items affect people’s choices in fast food restaurants? According to results obtained by Elbel, Gyamfi, and Kersh (2011), the answer is no. The researchers monitored the calorie content of food purchases for children and adolescents in four large fast food chains before and after mandatory labeling began in New York City. Although most of the adolescents reported noticing the calorie labels, apparently the labels had no effect on their choices. Data similar to the results obtained show an average of M = 786 calories per meal with s = 85 for n = 100 children and adolescents before the labeling, compared to an average of M = 772 calories with s = 91 for a similar sample of n = 100 after the mandatory posting. Use a two-tailed test with α = .05 to determine whether the mean number of calories after the posting is significantly different than before calorie content was posted. Calculate r2 to measure effect size for the mean difference.arrow_forwardMcAllister et al. (2012) compared varsity football and hockey players with varsity athletes from noncontact sports to determine whether exposure to head impacts during one season have an effect on cognitive performance. In the study, tests of new learning performance were significantly poorer for the contact sport athletes compared to the noncontact sport athletes. The following table presents data similar to the results obtained in the study. Noncontact Athletes: 10, 8, 7, 9, 13, 7, 6, 12 Contact Athletes: 7, 4, 9, 3, 7, 6, 10, 2 a. Are the test scores significantly lower for the contact sport athletes than for the noncontact athletes? Use a one-tailed test with =.05 t-critical= t= b. Compute the value of (percentage of variance accounted for) for these data. r^2= a. 0.123, b. 0.239, c. 0.138, d. 0.264arrow_forwardMcAllister et al. (2012) compared varsity football and hockey players with varsity athletes from noncontact sports to determine whether exposure to head impacts during one season have an effect on cognitive performance. In the study, tests of new learning performance were significantly poorer for the contact sport athletes compared to the noncontact sport athletes. The following table presents data similar to the results obtained in the study. Noncontact Athletes: 10, 8, 7, 9, 13, 7, 6, 12 Contact Athletes: 7, 4, 9, 3, 7, 6, 10, 2 a. Are the test scores significantly lower for the contact sport athletes than for the noncontact athletes? Use a two-tailed test with =.05 b. What sampling technique was most likely employed by the researcher? justify your answer c. Does exposure to head impacts have an effect on cognitive performance? why or why notarrow_forward
- A survey revealed that a substantial proportion of university students were not engaging in regular exercise. In response to a question on regular exercise, 60% of all graduates reported getting no regular exercise, 25% reported exercising sporadically and 15% reported exercising regularly as undergraduates. The next year the University launched a health promotion campaign on campus in an attempt to increase healthy behaviors among undergraduates. To evaluate the impact of the program, the University again surveyed graduates and asked the same questions. The survey was completed by 470 graduates and the following data were collected on the exercise question: No Regular Exercise Sporadic Exercise Regular Exercise Total Number of Students 255 125 90 470 Based on the data, is there evidence of a shift in the distribution of responses to the exercise question following the implementation of the health promotion campaign on campus? Run the test at a 5% level of significance.arrow_forwardRecent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. After receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patient. The following data are similar to the results of the study. Low High Moderate Moderate Moderately Severe Severe 0 2.6 2.7 2.7 1.7 2.5 3.2 3.3 2.2 3 3.2 5.2 0.6 1.8 3.8 1.5 1.9 1.9 3.8 5.9 1.3 1.2 2.4 2.9 From this table, conduct an one-way ANOVA. Calculate the F-ratio and p-value. Be sure to round your answers to three decimal places. Assume all population and ANOVA requirements are met. F-ratio: p-value: What is your final conclusion? Use a significance level of απ 0.02. There is not enough evidence to determine a difference between the treatments. There is…arrow_forwardRecent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. After receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patient. The following data are similar to the results of the study. Low High Moderate Moderately Moderate Severe Severe 3.1 1.3 5.1 3.5 2.3 3.3 3.6 2.9 2.7 2.9 1.8 4.2 3 4 4.2 2 3.9 3.9 4.7 2.1 0.5 2.5 2.2 From this table, conduct an one-way ANOVA. Calculate the F-ratio and p-value. Be sure to round your answers to three decimal places. Assume all population and ANOVA requirements are met. F-ratio: p-value: What is your final conclusion? Use a significance level of a = 0.02. O There is not enough evidence to determine a difference between the treatments. O There is…arrow_forward
- Linear Algebra: A Modern IntroductionAlgebraISBN:9781285463247Author:David PoolePublisher:Cengage LearningGlencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw HillBig Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...AlgebraISBN:9781680331141Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURTPublisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt