Chlorine dioxide gas (ClO 2 ) is used as a commercial bleaching agent. It bleaches materials by oxidizing them. In the course of these reactions, the ClO 2 is itself reduced. (a) What is the Lewis structure for ClO 2 - (b) Why do you think that ClO 2 is reduced so readily’ (c) When a 00 molecule gains an electron, the chlorite son. ClO 2 forms. Draw the Lewis structure for ClO 2 - (d) Predict the O-’Cl—’O bond angle in the ClO 2 - son. (e) One method of preparing ClO 2 is by the reaction of chlorine and sodium chlorite: C l 2 ( g ) + 2 N a C l O 2 ( s ) → 2 C l O 2 ( g ) + 2 N a C l ( s ) . If you allow 15.0 g of NaClO 2 to react with 2.00 L of chlorine gas at a pressure of 1.50 atm at 21°C, how many grams of ClO 2 Can be prepared?
Chlorine dioxide gas (ClO 2 ) is used as a commercial bleaching agent. It bleaches materials by oxidizing them. In the course of these reactions, the ClO 2 is itself reduced. (a) What is the Lewis structure for ClO 2 - (b) Why do you think that ClO 2 is reduced so readily’ (c) When a 00 molecule gains an electron, the chlorite son. ClO 2 forms. Draw the Lewis structure for ClO 2 - (d) Predict the O-’Cl—’O bond angle in the ClO 2 - son. (e) One method of preparing ClO 2 is by the reaction of chlorine and sodium chlorite: C l 2 ( g ) + 2 N a C l O 2 ( s ) → 2 C l O 2 ( g ) + 2 N a C l ( s ) . If you allow 15.0 g of NaClO 2 to react with 2.00 L of chlorine gas at a pressure of 1.50 atm at 21°C, how many grams of ClO 2 Can be prepared?
Chlorine dioxide gas (ClO2) is used as a commercial bleaching agent. It bleaches materials by oxidizing them. In the course of these reactions, the ClO2 is itself reduced. (a) What is the Lewis structure for ClO2- (b) Why do you think that ClO2 is reduced so readily’ (c) When a 00 molecule gains an electron, the chlorite son. ClO2 forms. Draw the Lewis structure for ClO2- (d) Predict the O-’Cl—’O bond angle in the ClO2- son. (e) One method of preparing ClO2 is by the reaction of chlorine and sodium chlorite:
C
l
2
(
g
)
+
2
N
a
C
l
O
2
(
s
)
→
2
C
l
O
2
(
g
)
+
2
N
a
C
l
(
s
)
.
If you allow 15.0 g of NaClO2 to react with 2.00 L of chlorine gas at a pressure of 1.50 atm at 21°C, how many grams of ClO2 Can be prepared?
Laser. Indicate the relationship between metastable state and stimulated emission.
The table includes macrostates characterized by 4 energy levels (&) that are
equally spaced but with different degrees of occupation.
a) Calculate the energy of all the macrostates (in joules). See if they all have
the same energy and number of particles.
b) Calculate the macrostate that is most likely to exist. For this macrostate,
show that the population of the levels is consistent with the Boltzmann
distribution.
macrostate 1 macrostate 2 macrostate 3
ε/k (K) Populations
Populations
Populations
300
5
3
4
200
7
9
8
100
15
17
16
0
33
31
32
DATO: k = 1,38×10-23 J K-1
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