How cigarettes became to be and worked as money between the world war prisoners.
Explanation of Solution
The world war was a deeply impacted war between the axis powers and the allied forces. The war leads to millions of war prisoners in many jails. During the period of the world war, there were no commonly used money forms other than the gold. Amongst the prisoners, the gold was unavailable and thus a new form of money was necessary. As the prisoners were huge in number, they started the barter system between them whereas as the time passed, the barter system became unable to operate between the mass number of war prisoners.
Money is anything that a society is willing to accept as a payment for the goods and services exchanged in the market place. Thus, a new form of money emerged between the prisoners of war which were the cigarettes. The cigarettes became the unit of account for the prisoners. They started to trade their items for cigarettes so that the issues with the barter system became solved. The prisoners were provided cigarettes on a ration by the detaining forces as well as the Red Cross volunteers which ensured the supply to them and the prices of the exchanges between the prison markets became set in terms of the number of cigarettes instead of dollars or any other currencies.
Concept introduction:
Money: Money is anything that the society accepts as a payment for the goods and services exchanged in the market. It can be of the form of currencies, coins or any other items that the society is willing to accept in exchange.
Barter system: The barter system was a system of exchange of goods and services in the society where the goods and services were exchanged for other goods and services. Thus there were needs of double coincidence of needs in the market.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 10 Solutions
Pearson eText for Principles of Macroeconomics -- Combo Access Card
- Without Trade Production Consumption With Trade Production Everglades Denali Shorts (Millions of Almonds Shorts Almonds pairs) (Millions of pounds) (Millions of pairs) (Millions of pounds) 12 16 5 30 12 16 5 30 64 0 0 20 Trade action Imports 13 ▼ Exports 39▾ Imports 13 ▼ Exports 39 Consumption Gains from Trade Increase in Consumptionarrow_forwardPractice: Their labor forces are each capable of supplying four million hours per week that can be used to produce shorts, almonds, or some combination of the two. Country Shorts Almonds (Pairs per hour of labor) (Pounds per hour of labor) Everglades 4 16 Denali 5 10 Suppose that initially Denali uses 1 million hours of labor per week to produce shorts and 3 million hours per week to produce almonds, while Everglades uses 3 million hours of labor per week to produce shorts and 1 million hours per week to produce almonds. As a result, Everglades produces 12 million pairs of shorts and 16 million pounds of almonds, and Denali produces 5 million pairs of shorts and 30 million pounds of almonds. Assume there are no other countries willing to engage in trade, so, in the absence of trade between these two countries, each country consumes the amount of shorts and almonds it produces. Everglades's opportunity cost of producing 1 pair of shorts is4 pounds of…arrow_forwardQuestion #1. The Governor's budget Announcement from Decenbrer 2024. Review proposed resources for understanding the Governo's proposed FY25 Budget, provide a reflection focusing on initial thoughts and feeling on the prpposed budget for the state. Please provide APA citiatiion?arrow_forward
- #3. The Governor's Budget Announcement from December 2024. Review proposed resources for understanding the Governo's proposed FY25 Budget. Does the Governor's proposed budget impact the current Welfare State, Why or Why not?arrow_forward3. Which is faster, red or green cars? You are a purchasing manager at a large car dealership in a busy urban area. You purchase on average 250 cars monthly for the dealership. People are buying new and used cars from your dealership regularly, and business is doing well. Most of your customers are average middle-income households, and they typically purchase bigger cars that are pricey. Your boss, Natalya, invited you for lunch to discuss the next big purchase in preparation for the big Summer sales event. While chatting about the business, Natalya told you the following: "While surfing social media today, I read a government report that says the economy is growing and inflation is rising. As the economy continues to grow due to an increase in consumption by consumers, the prices are expected to rise to a higher level than usual. The report also said that the increase in consumption has caused a shortage in the auto industry, which I think might be good for us (or bad, I don’t know.)…arrow_forward1. Homemade Lasagna and the Pursuit for Knowledge Your sister, Jamila, a newly appointed human resource manager at a fast-growing assisted living facility, was sitting with you at the dinner table. While you were enjoying a homemade Lasagna and watching TV together, a news report stated that "According to government officials, we are now headed into a recession that could last up to 10 months. The decline in economic activities is expected to affect all major industries." Your sister raised her eyebrows and showed an expression of confusion as she looked at you and stated, "Oh dear, what should I do now as an HR manager? My company is opening a large facility in a couple of months, and we need at least 60 people to run it. I oversee finding those people, but now I am afraid of doing so because it looks like the economy is in trouble. So, dear brother, help me understand a couple of things:" First, what on earth is a “recession”, and how does it affect the economy? Do things become…arrow_forward
- Consider the simple discrete job search model that we studied in class. Only the unemployed can receive one offer per period from F(w) that is a uniform distribution on [0,2]. There is a constant probability of being laid off at the end of each period while employed. Assume that she can get a new offer right away when laid off. We want to understand the reservation wage, WR, in this model. Assume that u(c) = c. The parameters are a discount factor ẞ and an unemployment benefit b.R and show that T is contraction on [0, ∞). Explicitly state any additional assumptions that you may need.(Grading guide line: 5pt for the exact form of T, 10pt for showing contraction, and 5pt for stating correct assumptions.)< (b) Discuss why (a) is useful to understand the reservation wage wд in this economy.< (c) We write WR = WR (b,ẞ,λ) to reveal its dependence on (b,ẞ,λ). Show that 0 ≤ aWR дь OWR дл ≤1 and ≥0. What about ? awR ав State any additional assumptions that you may need.< (d) Briefly explain the…arrow_forward3. Consider the market for paper. The process of producing paper creates pollution. Assume that the marginal damage function for pollution is given by: MDF = 3E where damages are measured in dollars and E is the level of emissions. Assume further that the function describing the marginal abatement cost of emissions is given by MAC 120-E where benefits are measured in dollars and E is the level of emissions. a. Graph the marginal damage function (MDF) and the marginal abatement cost function (MAC). b. What is the unregulated level of emissions Eu? What is the social welfare of this emissions level? c. Assume an existing emission quota limits emissions to E = 60. Show on the graph why this policy is inefficient. What is the deadweight loss caused by this policy?arrow_forwardshow written calculation for Barrow_forward
- Problem 1: 1. If a stock is expected to pay an annual dividend of $20 forever, what is the approximate present value of the stock, given that the discount rate is 5%? 2. If a stock is expected to pay an annual dividend of $20 forever, what is the approximate present value of the stock, given that the discount rate is 8%? 3. If a stock is expected to pay an annual dividend of $20 this year, what is the approximate present value of the stock, given that the discount rate is 8% and dividends are expected to grow at a rate of 2% per year?arrow_forwardd-farrow_forwardG please!arrow_forward
- Principles of Economics (12th Edition)EconomicsISBN:9780134078779Author:Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. OsterPublisher:PEARSONEngineering Economy (17th Edition)EconomicsISBN:9780134870069Author:William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, C. Patrick KoellingPublisher:PEARSON
- Principles of Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781305585126Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage LearningManagerial Economics: A Problem Solving ApproachEconomicsISBN:9781337106665Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike ShorPublisher:Cengage LearningManagerial Economics & Business Strategy (Mcgraw-...EconomicsISBN:9781259290619Author:Michael Baye, Jeff PrincePublisher:McGraw-Hill Education