
Concept explainers
Pessimistic locking:
It is one of the locking methods in concurrency control. The lock exists in the transaction until the transaction gets committed or rolled back.
Two-phase locking protocol:
It defined the serializability of the transaction but not prevent deadlocks. The process of locking and unlocking can be done using two phases in this protocol. They are: Growing phase and shrinking phase.
Growing phase:
New lock can be occurred on the transaction without unlocking the data items. The data items are locked in this phase.
Shrinking phase:
This phase used to release all transaction but not provide new lock on the transaction.
Row-level lock granularity:
This row-level locking process used to lock the single row in the table. It is used to improve the availability of data and involving in transaction conflict.

Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 10 Solutions
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management
- https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lk0DgaWfVezagyjAEskyPoe9Ciw3J2XUH_HQfnWSmwU/edit?usp=sharing use the link to answer the question below b) As part of your listed data elements, define the following metadata for each: Data/FieldType, Field Size, and any possible constraint/s or needed c) Identify and describe the relationship/s among the tables. Please provide an example toillustrate Referential Integrity and explain why it is essential for data credibility. I have inserted the data elements below for referencearrow_forwardWhy do we use NAT and PAT technologies? What happens without them? What is the major difference between NAT and PAT (Port Address Translation)? please answer it in the simplest way as possiblearrow_forwardWhat is the difference between physical connection (Physical topology) and logical connection (Logical topology)? Why are both necessary? Why do we need the Seven-Layer OSI model? What will happen If we don’t have it? Why do we need official standards for copper cable and fiber-optic cable? What happens without the standard? please answer in the simplest way as possiblearrow_forward
- Suppose that the MinGap method below is added to the Treap class on Blackboard. public int MinGap( ) Returns the absolute difference between the two closest numbers in the treap. For example, if the numbers are {2, 5, 7, 11, 12, 15, 20} then MinGap would returns 1, the absolute difference between 11 and 12. Requirements 1. Describe in a separate Design Document what additional data is needed and how that data is used to support an time complexity of O(1) for the MinGap method. Show as well that the methods Add and Remove can efficiently maintain this data as items are added and removed. (6 marks) 2. Re-implement the methods Add and Remove of the Treap class to maintain the augmented data in expected O(log n) time. (6 marks) 3. Implement the MinGap method. (4 marks) 4. Test your new method thoroughly. Include your test cases and results in a Test Document. (4 marks)arrow_forwardSuppose that the two Rank methods below are added to the Skip List class on Blackboard. public int Rank(T item) Returns the rank of the given item. public T Rank(int i) Returns the item with the given rank i. Requirements 1. Describe in a separate Design Document what additional data is needed and how that data is used to support an expected time complexity of O(log n) for each of the Rank methods. Show as well that the methods Insert and Remove can efficiently maintain this data as items are inserted and removed. (7 marks) 2. Re-implement the methods Insert and Remove of the Skip List class to maintain the augmented data in expected O(log n) time. Using the Contains method, ensure that added items are distinct. (6 marks) 3. Implement the two Rank methods. (8 marks) 4. Test your new methods thoroughly. Include your test cases and results in a Test Document. (4 marks)arrow_forwardhttps://docs.google.com/document/d/1lk0DgaWfVezagyjAEskyPoe9Ciw3J2XUH_HQfnWSmwU/edit?usp=sharing use the link to answer the question below b) As part of your listed data elements, define the following metadata for each: Data/FieldType, Field Size, and any possible constraint/s or needed c) Identify and describe the relationship/s among the tables. Please provide an example toillustrate Referential Integrity and explain why it is essential for data credibility. I have inserted the data elements below for referencearrow_forward
- Highlight the main differences between Computer Assisted Coding and Alone Coding with their similaritiesarrow_forwardSuppose that the MinGap method below is added to the Treap class on Blackboard. public int MinGap ( ) Returns the absolute difference between the two closest numbers in the treap. For example, if the numbers are {2, 5, 7, 11, 12, 15, 20} then MinGap would returns 1, the absolute difference between 11 and 12. Requirements 1. Describe in a separate Design Document what additional data is needed and how that data is used to support an time complexity of O(1) for the MinGap method. Show as well that the methods Add and Remove can efficiently maintain this data as items are added and removed. (6 marks) 2. Re-implement the methods Add and Remove of the Treap class to maintain the augmented data in expected O(log n) time. (6 marks) 3. Implement the MinGap method. (4 marks) 4. Test your new method thoroughly. Include your test cases and results in a Test Document. (4 marks)arrow_forwardSuppose that the two Rank methods below are added to the Skip List class on Blackboard. public int Rank (T item) Returns the rank of the given item. public T Rank(int i) Returns the item with the given rank i. Requirements 1. Describe in a separate Design Document what additional data is needed and how that data is used to support an expected time complexity of O(log n) for each of the Rank methods. Show as well that the methods Insert and Remove can efficiently maintain this data as items are inserted and removed. (7 marks) 2. Re-implement the methods Insert and Remove of the Skip List class to maintain the augmented data in expected O(log n) time. Using the Contains method, ensure that added items are distinct. (6 marks) 3. Implement the two Rank methods. (8 marks) 4. Test your new methods thoroughly. Include your test cases and results in a Test Document. (4 marks)arrow_forward
- Suppose that the two Rank methods below are added to the Skip List class on Blackboard. public int Rank (T item) Returns the rank of the given item. public T Rank(int i) Returns the item with the given rank i. Requirements 1. Describe in a separate Design Document what additional data is needed and how that data is used to support an expected time complexity of O(log n) for each of the Rank methods. Show as well that the methods Insert and Remove can efficiently maintain this data as items are inserted and removed. (7 marks) 2. Re-implement the methods Insert and Remove of the Skip List class to maintain the augmented data in expected O(log n) time. Using the Contains method, ensure that added items are distinct. (6 marks) 3. Implement the two Rank methods. (8 marks) 4. Test your new methods thoroughly. Include your test cases and results in a Test Document. (4 marks)arrow_forwardautomata theoryarrow_forwardI need help in construct a matlab code to find the voltage, the currents, and the watts based on that circuit.arrow_forward
- Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Manag...Computer ScienceISBN:9781305627482Author:Carlos Coronel, Steven MorrisPublisher:Cengage LearningDatabase Systems: Design, Implementation, & Manag...Computer ScienceISBN:9781285196145Author:Steven, Steven Morris, Carlos Coronel, Carlos, Coronel, Carlos; Morris, Carlos Coronel and Steven Morris, Carlos Coronel; Steven Morris, Steven Morris; Carlos CoronelPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Principles of Information Systems (MindTap Course...Computer ScienceISBN:9781305971776Author:Ralph Stair, George ReynoldsPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Information Security (MindTap Cours...Computer ScienceISBN:9781337102063Author:Michael E. Whitman, Herbert J. MattordPublisher:Cengage LearningSystems ArchitectureComputer ScienceISBN:9781305080195Author:Stephen D. BurdPublisher:Cengage Learning





