Consider the following enthalpy changes: F − + HF → FHF − ΔH = − 155 kJ / mol ( CH 3 ) 2 C = O+HF + ( CH 3 ) 2 C ═ O---HF Δ H = − 46 kJ / mol H 2 O ( g ) + HOH ( g ) + H 2 O---HOH ( in ice ) Δ H = − 21 kJ / mol How do the strengths of hydrogen bonds vary with the electronegativity of the element to which hydrogen is bonded? Where in the preceding series would you expect hydrogen bonds of the following type to fall?
Consider the following enthalpy changes: F − + HF → FHF − ΔH = − 155 kJ / mol ( CH 3 ) 2 C = O+HF + ( CH 3 ) 2 C ═ O---HF Δ H = − 46 kJ / mol H 2 O ( g ) + HOH ( g ) + H 2 O---HOH ( in ice ) Δ H = − 21 kJ / mol How do the strengths of hydrogen bonds vary with the electronegativity of the element to which hydrogen is bonded? Where in the preceding series would you expect hydrogen bonds of the following type to fall?
Solution Summary: The author explains that the strength of Hydrogen bonds differs with electro negativity atom to be discussed.
F
−
+
HF
→
FHF
−
ΔH
=
−
155
kJ
/
mol
(
CH
3
)
2
C
=
O+HF +
(
CH
3
)
2
C
═
O---HF
Δ
H
=
−
46
kJ
/
mol
H
2
O
(
g
)
+
HOH
(
g
)
+
H
2
O---HOH
(
in
ice
)
Δ
H
=
−
21
kJ
/
mol
How do the strengths of hydrogen bonds vary with the electronegativity of the element to which hydrogen is bonded? Where in the preceding series would you expect hydrogen bonds of the following type to fall?
You are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products:
xi
1. ☑
2. H₂O
хе
i
Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below.
If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank.
Click and drag to start drawing a
structure.
There is no reagent that will make this synthesis work without complications.
: ☐
S
☐
Predict the major products of this organic reaction:
H
OH
1. LiAlH4
2. H₂O
?
Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry.
Click and drag to start drawing a
structure.
G
C
टे
For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new C-C bond, and check the appropriate box.
Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below.
Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first
stable product you expect to form in solution.
NH2
CI
MgCl
?
Will the first product that forms in this reaction
create a new CC bond?
Yes
No
MgBr
?
Will the first product that forms in this reaction
create a new CC bond?
Yes
No
G
टे
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