Chapter 10, Problem 10A.9E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The emitted particle and the balanced nuclear reaction for the conversion of Sodium-24 to magnesium-24 have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

$\beta$emission reaction:

$\text{β}$ emission is a sub type of radioactive decay called beta decay in which a positron inside a radionucleus is converted into a neutron while releasing an electroneutrino.  Positron emission is mediated by the weak force.

  ${}_{\text{z}}{\text{X}}^{\text{A}}{\stackrel{}{\to }}_{\text{z+1}}{\text{X}}^{\text{A}}{\text{+}}_{\text{-1}}{\text{e}}^{\text{0}}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The emitted particle and the balanced nuclear reaction for the conversion of Sn-128 to Sb-128 have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The emitted particle and the balanced nuclear reaction for the conversion of Ln-140 to Ba-140 have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Positron emission reaction:

Positron emission ${\text{β}}^{\text{+}}$ is a sub type of radioactive decay called beta decay in which a positron inside a radionucleus is converted into a neutron while releasing a positron and an electroneutrino.  Positron emission is mediated by the weak force.

  ${}_{\text{z}}{\text{X}}^{\text{A}}{\stackrel{}{\to }}_{\text{z-1}}{\text{X}}^{\text{A}}{\text{+}}_{\text{+1}}{\text{e}}^{\text{0}}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The emitted particle and the balanced nuclear reaction for the conversion of Th-228 to Ra-224 have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alpha decay reaction:

Alpha decay or $\text{ α}$-decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle (helium nucleus) and thereby transforms into a different atomic nucleus with a mass number that is reduced by four and an atomic number that is reduced by two.