Chapter 10, Problem 10.76P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A Lewis structure for ${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}$ is to be drawn and if resonance possible it is to be identified. Also, the carbon-carbon bond order is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is generally considered as a simplified structure of any molecule or atom. Lewis structure for any atom or molecule depicts the valence electrons as dots around the element’s symbol present in the molecule along with the bonds that connect them. Every element tries to complete an octet except the hydrogen atom.

Every element in the Lewis structure tries to attain eight electrons in its valence shell by transfer or share of electrons. This rule is known as the octet rule.

To draw the Lewis structure of the molecule there are following steps:

Step 1: Find the central atom and place the other atoms around it. The atom in a compound which has the lowest group number or lowest electronegativity considered as the central atom.

Step 2: Calculate the total number of valence electrons.

Step 3: Connect the other atoms around the central atoms to the central atom with a single bond and lower the value of valence electrons by 2 of every single bond.

Step 4: Allocate the remaining electrons in pairs so that each atom can get 8 electrons.

Step 5: Convert the lone pair into bond pair.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A Lewis structure for ${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}{\text{H}}_6$ is to be drawn and if resonance possible it is to be identified. Also, the carbon-carbon bond order is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is generally considered as a simplified structure of any molecule or atom. Lewis structure for any atom or molecule depicts the valence electrons as dots around the element’s symbol present in the molecule along with the bonds that connect them. Every element tries to complete an octet except the hydrogen atom.

Every element in the Lewis structure tries to attain eight electrons in its valence shell by transfer or share of electrons. This rule is known as octet rule.

To draw the Lewis structure of the molecule there are following steps:

Step 1: Find the central atom and place the other atoms around it. The atom in a compound which has the lowest group number or lowest electronegativity considered as the central atom.

Step 2: Calculate the total number of valence electrons.

Step 3: Connect the other atoms around the central atoms to the central atom with a single bond and lower the value of valence electrons by 2 of every single bond.

Step 4: Allocate the remaining electrons in pairs so that each atom can get 8 electrons.

Step 5: Convert the lone pair into bond pair.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A Lewis structure for ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_6$ is to be drawn and if resonance possible it is to be identified. Also, the carbon-carbon bond order is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is generally considered as a simplified structure of any molecule or atom. Lewis structure for any atom or molecule depicts the valence electrons as dots around the element’s symbol present in the molecule along with the bonds that connect them. Every element tries to complete an octet except the hydrogen atom.

Every element in the Lewis structure tries to attain eight electrons in its valence shell by transfer or share of electrons. This rule is known as the octet rule.

To draw the Lewis structure of the molecule there are following steps:

Step 1: Find the central atom and place the other atoms around it. The atom in a compound which has the lowest group number or lowest electronegativity considered as the central atom.

Step 2: Calculate the total number of valence electrons.

Step 3: Connect the other atoms around the central atoms to the central atom with a single bond and lower the value of valence electrons by 2 of every single bond.

Step 4: Allocate the remaining electrons in pairs so that each atom can get 8 electrons.

Step 5: Convert the lone pair into bond pair.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A Lewis structure for ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_4$ is to be drawn and if resonance possible it is to be identified. Also, the carbon-carbon bond order is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is generally considered as a simplified structure of any molecule or atom. Lewis structure for any atom or molecule depicts the valence electrons as dots around the element’s symbol present in the molecule along with the bonds that connect them. Every element tries to complete an octet except the hydrogen atom.

Every element in the Lewis structure tries to attain eight electrons in its valence shell by transfer or share of electrons. This rule is known as the octet rule.

To draw the Lewis structure of the molecule there are following steps:

Step 1: Find the central atom and place the other atoms around it. The atom in a compound which has the lowest group number or lowest electronegativity considered as the central atom.

Step 2: Calculate the total number of valence electrons.

Step 3: Connect the other atoms around the central atoms to the central atom with a single bond and lower the value of valence electrons by 2 of every single bond.

Step 4: Allocate the remaining electrons in pairs so that each atom can get 8 electrons.

Step 5: Convert the lone pair into bond pair.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A Lewis structure for ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_6$ is to be drawn and if resonance possible it is to be identified. Also, the carbon-carbon bond order is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is generally considered as a simplified structure of any molecule or atom. Lewis structure for any atom or molecule depicts the valence electrons as dots around the element’s symbol present in the molecule along with the bonds that connect them. Every element tries to complete an octet except the hydrogen atom.

Every element in the Lewis structure tries to attain eight electrons in its valence shell by transfer or share of electrons. This rule is known as the octet rule.

To draw the Lewis structure of the molecule there are following steps:

Step 1: Find the central atom and place the other atoms around it. The atom in a compound which has the lowest group number or lowest electronegativity considered as the central atom.

Step 2: Calculate the total number of valence electrons.

Step 3: Connect the other atoms around the central atoms to the central atom with a single bond and lower the value of valence electrons by 2 of every single bond.

Step 4: Allocate the remaining electrons in pairs so that each atom can get 8 electrons.

Step 5: Convert the lone pair into bond pair.