
(a)
Interpretation:
The product expected when
Concept introduction:
The nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which a group is substituted by an nucleophile. The
The

Answer to Problem 10.39AP
The product obtained on the reaction of
Explanation of Solution
The product obtained on the reaction of
Figure 1
The alcohol
The product obtained on the reaction of
(b)
Interpretation:
The product expected when
Concept introduction:
An

Answer to Problem 10.39AP
The product obtained on the reaction of
Explanation of Solution
The product obtained on the reaction of
Figure 2
The alcohol
The product obtained on the reaction of
(c)
Interpretation:
The product expected when
is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Primary and secondary alcohols can be oxidized into

Answer to Problem 10.39AP
The products obtained on the reaction of
Explanation of Solution
The products obtained on the reaction of
Figure 3
Primary alcohols on oxidation give aldehyde. Aldehydes can further undergo oxidation to give
The products obtained on the reaction of
(d)
Interpretation:
The product expected when
Concept introduction:
Acid-base reaction are among the fastest reaction in the chemistry. Acids and bases react vigorously generating heat and water normally. Metals are basic in nature due to the presence of free electrons to donate. Alcohols are both acidic and basic in nature.

Answer to Problem 10.39AP
The product obtained on the reaction of
Explanation of Solution
The product obtained on the reaction of
Figure 4
The sodium hydride is a very strong base and it undergoes acid-base reaction with alcohol
The product obtained on the reaction of
(e)
Interpretation:
The product expected when the product of part (d) is reacted with
Concept introduction:
The nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which a group is substituted by an nucleophile. The rate of reaction depends upon the nucleophilicity and concentration of the nucleophile.
The

Answer to Problem 10.39AP
The product obtained on the reaction of sodium
Explanation of Solution
The product of part (d) is sodium
The product obtained on the reaction of sodium
Figure 5
The sodium
The product obtained on the reaction of sodium
(f)
Interpretation:
The product expected when
Concept introduction:
The hydroxide group in alcohols is not a good leaving group in order to perform a nucleophilic substitution reaction on alcohols to produce more compounds. Hydroxide group is made a good leaving group with the help of some compounds like methanesulfonyl chloride and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride.

Answer to Problem 10.39AP
The product obtained on the reaction of
Explanation of Solution
The product obtained on the reaction of
Figure 6
The reaction of an alcohol with sulfonate derivatives such as methanesulfonyl chloride and
The product obtained on the reaction of
(g)
Interpretation:
The product expected when
Concept introduction:
The reaction of an

Answer to Problem 10.39AP
The product obtained on the reaction of
Explanation of Solution
The product obtained on the reaction of
Figure 7
The
The product obtained on the reaction of
(h)
Interpretation:
The product expected when
Concept introduction:
The nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which a group is substituted by an nucleophile. The rate of reaction depends upon the nucleophilicity and concentration of the nucleophile.
The

Answer to Problem 10.39AP
The product obtained on the reaction of
Explanation of Solution
The product obtained on the reaction of
Figure 8
The alcohol
The product obtained on the reaction of
(i)
Interpretation:
The product expected when
Concept introduction:
The nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which a group is substituted by an nucleophile. The rate of reaction depends upon the nucleophilicity and concentration of the nucleophile.
The

Answer to Problem 10.39AP
The product obtained on the reaction of
Explanation of Solution
The product obtained on the reaction of
Figure 9
The alcohol
The product obtained on the reaction of
(j)
Interpretation:
The product expected when product of part (a) is reacted with
Concept introduction:
The reaction of an alkyl halide with a metal like magnesium in the presence of dry ether leads to the formation of

Answer to Problem 10.39AP
The product obtained on reaction of
Explanation of Solution
The product of part (a) is
The product obtained on reaction of
Figure 10
The alkyl halide reacts with magnesium metal in dry ether to produce the Grignard reagent. The
The product obtained on reaction of
(k)
Interpretation:
The product expected when the product of part (f) is reacted with
Concept introduction:
An

Answer to Problem 10.39AP
The product obtained on the reaction of
Explanation of Solution
The product of part (f) is
The product obtained on the reaction of
Figure 11
The ester
The product obtained on the reaction of
(l)
Interpretation:
The product expected when
Concept introduction:
The hydroxide group in alcohols is not a good leaving group. In order to perform a nucleophilic substitution reaction on alcohols to produce more compounds hydroxide group is made a good leaving group with the help of some compounds like methanesulfonyl chloride and

Answer to Problem 10.39AP
The product obtained when
Explanation of Solution
The product obtained when
Figure 12
The triflic anhydride is also one of the compounds used to make hydroxide group a good leaving group. This compound is used much more reactive ester as compared to given by tosylates and mesylates. The yield of the product obtained by this ester of substitution is very high.
The
The product obtained when
(m)
Interpretation:
The product expected when the product of (l) is reacted with anhydrous
Concept introduction:
The hydroxide group in alcohols is not a good leaving group in order to perform a nucleophilic substitution reaction on alcohols to produce more compounds. Hydroxide group is made a good leaving group with the help of some compounds like methanesulfonyl chloride and

Answer to Problem 10.39AP
The product obtained when butyl trifluoromethanesulfonate is reacted with anhydrous
Explanation of Solution
The product obtained when butyl trifluoromethanesulfonate is reacted with anhydrous
Figure 13
The compound butyl trifluoromethanesulfonate undergoes nucleophilic substitution reaction with
The product obtained when butyl trifluoromethanesulfonate is reacted with anhydrous
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 10 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- The electron of a hydrogen atom is excited to the 4d orbital. Calculate the energy of the emitted photon if the electron were to move to each of the following orbitals: (a) 1s; (b) 2p; (c) 2s; (d) 4s. (e) Suppose the outermost electron of a potassium atom were excited to a 4d orbital and then moved to each of these same orbitals. Describe qualitatively the differences that would be found between the emission spectra of potassium and hydrogen (do not perform calculations). Explain your answer.arrow_forwardImagine a four-dimensional world. In it, atoms would have one s orbital and four p orbitals in a given shell. (a) Describe the shape of the Periodic Table of the first 24 elements. (b) What elements would be the first two noble gases (use the names from our world that correspond to the atomic numbers).arrow_forwardThe electron affinity of thulium was measured by a technique called laser photodetachment electron spectroscopy. In this technique, a gaseous beam of anions of an element is bombarded with photons from a laser. The photons knock electrons off some of the anions, and the energies of the emitted electrons are detected. The incident radiation had a wavelength of 1064 nm, and the emitted electrons had an energy of 0.137 eV. Although the analysis is more complicated, we can obtain an estimate of the electron affinity from the energy difference between the photons and the emitted electrons. What is the electron affinity of thulium in electron volts and in kilojoules per mole?arrow_forward
- Be sure to answer all parts. The following alkyne is treated with 03 followed by H₂O. Part 1: How many different compounds are formed in this process? 1 Part 2 out of 2 Draw the product of the reaction. draw structure ...arrow_forwardMany fireworks use magnesium to burn, which releases a significant amount of energy. The heat released causes the oxide to glow, emitting white light. The color of this light can be changed by including nitrates and chlorides of elements that emit in the visible region of their spectra. One such compound is barium nitrate, which produces a yellow-green light. Excited barium ions generate light with wavelengths of 487 nm, 524 nm, 543 nm, and 578 nm. For each case, calculate: (a) the change in energy (in electron volts) of a barium atom and (b) the molar change in energy (in kilojoules per second).arrow_forwardClouds of hot, luminous interstellar hydrogen gas can be seen in some parts of the galaxy. In some hydrogen atoms, electrons are excited to quantum levels with n = 100 or higher. (a) Calculate the wavelength observed on Earth if the electrons fall from the level with n = 100 to one with n = 2. (b) In what series would this transition be found? (c) Some of these high-energy electrons fall into intermediate states, such as n = 90. Would the wavelengths of a transition from the state with n = 100 to one with n = 90 be longer or shorter than those in the Balmer series? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- In the spectroscopic technique known as photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), ultraviolet radiation is directed at an atom or molecule. Electrons are ejected from the valence shell and their kinetic energies are measured. Since the energy of the incident ultraviolet photons is known and the kinetic energy of the ejected electron is measured, the ionization energy, I, can be deduced because total energy is conserved. (a) Show that the velocity, v, of the ejected electron and the frequency, n, of the incident radiation are related by hv = I + (1/2)mv^2? (b) Use this relation to calculate the ionization energy of a rubidium atom, knowing that light of wavelength 58.4 nm produces electrons with a velocity of 2,450 km/s Recall that 1 J = 1 kg.m^2/s^2arrow_forwardI) In Millikan's experiment, each droplet observed by the technicians contained an even number of electrons. If they had been unaware of this limitation, how would it have affected their report of an electron's charge?II) Millikan measured the charge of an electron in electrostatic units, esu. The data he collected included the following series of charges found on oil drops: 9.60 X 10^-10 esu, 1.92 X 10^-9 esu; 2.40 X 10^-9 esu; 2.88 X 10^-9 esu; and 4.80 X 10^-9 esu. (a) From this series, find the probable charge of the electron in electrostatic units. (b) Estimate the number of electrons in an oil drop with a charge of 6.72 X 10^-9 esu. The actual charge (in Coulombs) of an electron is 1.602 X 10^-19 C. What is the relationship between esu and Coulombs?arrow_forwardmy ccc edu - Search X Quick Access X D2L Homepage - Spring 2025 x N Netflix X Dimensional Analysis - A x+ pp.aktiv.com Q ☆ X Question 59 of 70 The volume of 1 unit of plasma is 200.0 mL If the recommended dosage for adult patients is 10.0 mL per kg of body mass, how many units are needed for a patient with a body mass of 80.0 kg ? 80.0 kg 10.0 DAL 1 units X X 4.00 units 1 1 Jeg 200.0 DAL L 1 units X 200.0 mL = 4.00 units ADD FACTOR *( ) DELETE ANSWER RESET D 200.0 2.00 1.60 × 10³ 80.0 4.00 0.0400 0.250 10.0 8.00 & mL mL/kg kg units/mL L unit Q Search delete prt sc 111 110 19arrow_forward
- Identify the starting material in the following reaction. Click the "draw structure" button to launch the drawing utility. draw structure ... [1] 0 3 C10H18 [2] CH3SCH3 Harrow_forwardIn an equilibrium mixture of the formation of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen, it is found that PNH3 = 0.147 atm, PN2 = 1.41 atm and Pн2 = 6.00 atm. Evaluate Kp and Kc at 500 °C. 2 NH3 (g) N2 (g) + 3 H₂ (g) K₂ = (PN2)(PH2)³ = (1.41) (6.00)³ = 1.41 x 104arrow_forwardWhat alkene or alkyne yields the following products after oxidative cleavage with ozone? Click the "draw structure" button to launch the drawing utility. and two equivalents of CH2=O draw structure ...arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY





