It is to be explained how multiple halogenation at α carbon of aldehydes or ketones is possible whereas polyalkylation is generally not a concern. Concept introduction: The α carbon (carbon adjacent to carbonyl carbon) having at least one proton can be converted to a nucleophile by deprotonation. Thus, substitution at α carbon of an aldehyde or ketone is possible. The nucleophilic substitution at α carbon proceeds via S N 2 mechanism. Halogens are electrons withdrawing groups; thus they stabilize the enolate anions.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 10, Problem 10.38P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to be explained how multiple halogenation at α carbon of aldehydes or ketones is possible whereas polyalkylation is generally not a concern.

Concept introduction:

The α carbon (carbon adjacent to carbonyl carbon) having at least one proton can be converted to a nucleophile by deprotonation. Thus, substitution at α carbon of an aldehyde or ketone is possible. The nucleophilic substitution at α carbon proceeds via SN2 mechanism. Halogens are electrons withdrawing groups; thus they stabilize the enolate anions.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 10, Problem 10.38P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to be explained how multiple halogenation at α carbon of aldehydes or ketones is possible whereas polyalkylation is generally not a concern.

Concept introduction:

The α carbon (carbon adjacent to carbonyl carbon) having at least one proton can be converted to a nucleophile by deprotonation. Thus, substitution at α carbon of an aldehyde or ketone is possible. The nucleophilic substitution at α carbon proceeds via SN2 mechanism. Halogens are electrons withdrawing groups; thus they stabilize the enolate anions.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 10, Problem 10.38P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to be explained how multiple halogenation at α carbon of aldehydes or ketones is possible whereas polyalkylation is generally not a concern.

Concept introduction:

The α carbon (carbon adjacent to carbonyl carbon) having at least one proton can be converted to a nucleophile by deprotonation. Thus, substitution at α carbon of an aldehyde or ketone is possible. The nucleophilic substitution at α carbon proceeds via SN2 mechanism. Halogens are electrons withdrawing groups; thus they stabilize the enolate anions.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 10, Problem 10.38P

Interpretation Introduction