Chapter 1, Problem 9RQ

Amino acids are essential building blocks for:  Select one: All the answers are correct Enzymes Receptors Structural Proteins

Describe metabolism, catabolism, and anabolism and explain their role in the body.

All of the following statements about glucose are true except: Glucose is metabolized in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic organisms. On a low-carb diet, keto acids from glucogenic amino acids will be used to synthesize glucose. Glucose is metabolized in the mitochondria of mature red blood cells. Under non-starvation conditions, the brain relies exclusively on glucose as its fuel source.

The catalytic activity of enzymes depends on the presence of appropriate environmental conditions. Pepsin is a digestive enzyme found in the stomach and facilitates the digestion of large proteins. If pepsin is removed from this acidic environment of the stomach and is instead placed in a more basic environment, it will cease to function. Describe the specific effect that a change in environmental pH will have on pepsin and explain how this change can lead to inhibition of its catalytic activity. Respond in 4 to 6 complete sentences.

Which of the following statements regarding trans fatty acids is FALSE? Trans fatty acids increase the shelf-life of processed foods. Trans fatty acids were saturated fatty acids prior to hydrogenation. A diet that is rich in trans fatty acids increases the risk of heart disease, and therefore trans fatty acids in foods must be labeled. Trans fatty acids are a byproduct of hydrogenating fats.

All of the following statements about amino acid synthesis in humans are true except: Some amino acids are synthesized using major metabolic intermediates and transamination. The process often requires cofactors derived from B vitamins. Allosteric enzymes may be regulated via feedback inhibition. Different organs synthesize different amino acids because they maintain anaerobic conditions.

Which of the following is the most comprehensive definition of metabolism in living organisms? Metabolism manages the increase in entropy in an organism Metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism Metabolism refers to the sum of all biochemical pathways involved in the synthesis of macromolecules Metabolism depends on a constant supply of energy from food

Define the terms aerobic and anaerobic.

Which of the following describes the critical role that ATP plays in cellular metabolism? ATP serves an energy shuttle in the cell, coupling exergonic anf exergonic reactions. The terminal phosphate group of ATP is attached by a particular strong covalent bond that releases extra energy when broken. It is one of the four building blocks for RNA synthesis. Hydrolysis of ATP provides energy to drive exergonic reactions in the cell.