Chapter 1, Problem 9Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To examine: Whether the statement “the hereditary information of a cell is passed on by its proteins” is correct or incorrect.

Introduction: The genetic material of the cell passes on the hereditary information from the parent to offspring.

B.

Summary Introduction

To examine: Whether the statement “Bacterial DNA is found in the cytosol” is correct or incorrect.

Introduction: The cytosol is an aqueous medium in which the membrane-bound organelles float in eukaryotic organisms having the chemical composition of water, dissolved ions, polar molecules and proteins. In prokaryotes, they are the site of action of chemical reactions associated with cell metabolism.

C.

Summary Introduction

To examine: Whether the statement “plants are composed of prokaryotic cells” is correct or not.

Introduction: Cells are of two types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are primitive; lack membrane bound cell organelles and a nucleus. The genetic material is present in the cytosol.

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “With the exception of egg and sperm cells, all of the nucleated cells within a single multicellular organism have the same number of chromosomes” is correct or incorrect.

Introduction: Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have chromosomes which make up the genetic material of an organism. Chromosomes are thin, thread-like structures visible at the time of cell division. They are DNA in compacted form, held together by basic proteins called Histones.  The chromosome number varies between the somatic and sex cells. The somatic cells have 2n number and sex cells have n number of chromosomes. The chromosome number remains the same for a single species, and they vary greatly between species.

E.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “The cytosol includes membrane-enclosed organelles, such as lysosomes” is correct or incorrect.

Introduction: Lysosomes are minute, single-membrane-bound organelles that perform the function of intracellular digestion and degradation of molecules for recycling within the cell or for cellular level excretion. They are the site of degradation of large and small molecules.

F.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “The nucleus and mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane” is correct or not.

Introduction: Nucleus and mitochondria are cell organelles found in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.

G.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “Protozoans are complex organisms with a set of specialized cells that form tissues, such as flagella, mouthparts, stinging darts, and leglike appendages” is correct or not.

Introduction: Protozoans are eukaryotic organisms that are unicellular.

H.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “Lysosomes and peroxisomes are the sites of degradation of unwanted materials is correct or not.

Introduction: Peroxisomes are minute, single-membrane-bound vesicles that give a safe reaction site for reactive oxygen species or oxy radicals such as H₂O₂ and other toxic radicals.