Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The curved arrows that show the movement of electrons in step [1] are to be added.
Concept introduction: In the representation of a
(b)
Interpretation: The curved arrows that helps in the identification of structure X in the given reaction are to be drawn and the conversion of structure X into phenol and HCl is to be shown in step [3].
Concept introduction: In the representation of a chemical reaction, the movement of electrons is shown by the curved arrows. This method shows the movement of electrons of electrons in resonance structures as well.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-STUDY GDE./SOL.MAN.
- (a) Draw a line drawing for the Lewis diagram given below. Hint start converting the Lewis to a VSEPR diagram. H H H +4 H H (b) What is the line drawing for a chemical species with the condensed molecular formula -H CH3CHC(CH3)CH(CH3)2. Hint start by converting the condensed formula to a Lewis diagram....then you solve this just like Question 1(a)!. (c) Of course, concepts can be examined in reverse! Draw a VSEPR diagram THAT IS ALSO A BEST LEWIS DIAGRAM, for the chemical that has the following line drawing: H₂N IOarrow_forwardUsing just a periodic table (not a table of electronegativities), decide which of these is likely to be the most polar bond. Explain your answer! (a) C-F (b) S-F (c) Si-F (d) O-Farrow_forwardanswer true or flase. don't need an explanation or solution (a) A covalent bond is formed between two atoms whose difference in electronegativity is less than 1.9. (b) If the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is zero (they have identical electronegativ- ities), then the two atoms will not form a covalent bond. (c) A covalent bond formed by sharing two electrons is called a double bond. (d) In the hydrogen molecule (H2), the shared pair of electrons completes the valence shell of each hydrogen. (e) In the molecule CH4 , each hydrogen has an electron configuration like that of helium and carbon has an electron configuration like that of neon. (f) In a polar covalent bond, the more electronegative atom has a partial negative charge (2) and the less electronegative atom has a partial positive charge (1). (g) These bonds are arranged in order of increasing polarity CiH , NiH , OiH. (h) These bonds are arranged in order of increasing polarity HiF , HiCl , HiBr. ( i) A…arrow_forward
- 6. a) Using bond dipole arrows, indicate the bond polarity of the bonds in red in the following molecule. b) Using partial charge notation, indicate where the partial charges reside on the atoms in blue. H O=Parrow_forwardanswer all sub partsarrow_forward3. The following are some molecules:H2, HF, CO2, H2O, Cl2, NH3, CH4, CHCl3 (a) Which of the above molecules do/does not contain polar bond? Explain your answer. (b) Which covalent bond has the highest bond polarity among the eight molecules? (c) (i) Which of the above molecules are non-polar molecules? (ii) Explain why these molecules are non-polar. 4. (d) Draw a diagram to illustrate the formation of hydrogen bonds in H2O.arrow_forward
- Consider the theoretical molecule KrCl3‾. (a) Draw a valid Lewis structure for KrCl3‾. Show all lone pairs and use lines for bonds. Label all non-zeroformal charges on individual atoms and show the overall charge, if it exists, using square brackets.(b) What would you expect to be the molecular geometry for this ion? Fully explain your thought process,including all details about how successive lone pairs should be positioned within this electron geometry.(c) Draw this ion in 3-D, using hashed and wedged bonds as appropriate. Do not worry about labeling the overall or formal charge.arrow_forward2. Sulfur dioxide, SO,, is a gaseous pollutant that has two resonance structures. Draw both resonance structures below. Include proper resonance notation, lone pairs, and formal charges ... (There is a third resonance structure that involves sulfur hypervalency*, there is no need to include this resonance structure.)arrow_forwardQuestion: Consider a hypothetical molecule, X₄Y₃, composed of four atoms of element X and three atoms of element Y. The molecule is in a gaseous state. a) According to the octet rule, which elements are likely to form multiple bonds in this molecule? Explain your reasoning. b) Calculate the total number of valence electrons in X₄Y₃. c) Based on the total number of valence electrons, determine the formal charge on each atom in X₄Y₃.arrow_forward
- Answer each of the following questions for ClF3. (a) total valence electron count. (b) the Lewis structure. (c) the arrangement (or shape) of the electron grouping (includes lone pairs). (d) ideal bond angle. (e) actual molecular geometry (may be the same or different than answer (c). (f) actual bond angles (may use > or< symbols where appropriate).arrow_forward1.26 Convert the following to Lewis structures. b) d) OH f) CN Br LOHarrow_forward3. Consider the four compounds BB33, CB14, NB13, and Br,O. Use periodic trends in bond lengths and the electronegativity table in Chang to answer the following questions: (a) Which molecule is expected to have the longest bonds? (b) Which molecule is expected to have the most polar bonds? (c) Which molecule is expected to have the least polar bonds?arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning