We at F&H have of course noted the complaints of a few spineless investors and uninformed security analysts about the slow growth of profits and dividends. Unlike those confirmed doubters, we have confidence in the long-run demand for mechanical encabulators, despite competing digital products. We are therefore determined to invest to maintain our share of the overall encabulalor market. F&H has a rigorous CAPFX approval process, and we are confident of returns around 8% on investment. That’s a far better return than F&H earns on its cash holdings. The CFO went on to explain that F&H invested excess cash in short-term U.S. government securities, which are almost entirely risk-free but offered only a 4%
- a. Is a
forecasted 8% return in the encabulator business necessarily better than a 4% safe return on short-term U.S. government securities? Why or why not? - b. Is F&H’s opportunity cost of capital 4%? How in principle should the CFO determine the cost of capital?
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Principles of Corporate Finance (Mcgraw-hill/Irwin Series in Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate)
- 1) When investors disregard their own information which is incomplete and follow the momentum activities of other market participants, they could inadvertently cause a financial bubble by transmitting inaccurate information with each additional trade. This phenomenon is called ______________. Multiple Choice Asymmetric information. Attribution bias. Systematic bias. Overconfidence. Information cascade. 2) Canada Revenue Agency requires firms to claim only one-half of the incremental capital cost of a new project in its first year for tax purposes. This rule is called the _________. Multiple Choice CCA rule. Half-CCA rule. Two-year rule. Half-year rule. Incomplete CCA rule. 3)Alternative ways of calculating operating cash flows are the bottom-up approach, the top-down approach, and the tax shield approach. True/False?arrow_forwardAn analyst at a company notes that its cost of debt is far below that of equity. He concludes that it is important for the firm to maintain the ability to increase its borrowing because if it cannot borrow, it will be forced to use more expensive equity to finance some projects. This might lead it to reject some projects that would have seemed attractive if evaluated at the lower cost of debt. How do you balance the amount of equity and debt? Explain the significance of maintaining the ability to increase borrowing capacity for a company with a lower cost of debt compared to equity. How does this impact project evaluation and investment decisions, and what role does the concept of cost of capital play in such considerations?arrow_forwardDavid Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firms level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies have debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use debt and what its effects are on stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant: e. Suppose the expected free cash flow for Year 1 is 250,000 but it is expected to grow faster than 7% during the next 3 years: FCF2 = 290,000 and FCF3 = 320,000, after which it will grow at a constant rate of 7%. The expected interest expense at Year 1 is 128,000, but it is expected to grow over the next couple of years before the capital structure becomes constant: Interest expense at Year 2 will be 152,000, at Year 3 it will be 192,000 and it will grow at 7% thereafter. What is the estimated horizon unlevered value of operations (i.e., the value at Year 3 immediately after the FCF at Year 3)? What is the current unlevered value of operations? What is the horizon value of the tax shield at Year 3? What is the current value of the tax shield? What is the current total value? The tax rate and unlevered cost of equity remain at 25% and 14%, respectively.arrow_forward
- David Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firm’s level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies have debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use debt and what its effects are on stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant: Who were Modigliani and Miller (MM), and what assumptions are embedded in the MM and Miller models?arrow_forwardSeveral factors affect a firm’s need for external funds. Evaluate the effect of each following factor and place a check next to each factor that is likely to increase a firm’s need for external capital—that is, its AFN (additional funds needed). Check all that apply. The firm increases its dividend payout ratio. The firm switches its supplier for the majority of its raw materials. The new supplier offers less favorable credit terms and thus reduces the trade credit available to the firm, resulting in a reduction in accounts payable. The firm improves its production system and increases its profit margin. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities represent obligations that the firm must pay off. Assuming everything else holds constant, if they increase, the firm’s AFN will_________ .arrow_forwardYour firm faces relatively lower carrying costs and relatively higher shortage costs. Additionally, your firm takes on a higher amount of long-term financing and invests the excess into marketable securities. Which of the following statements is true? With regard to the level of investment in current assets, your firm has a restrictive policy. With regard to the financing of the current assets, your firm has a flexible policy. With regard to both the level of investment in current assets and the financing of the current assets, your firm has a relatively flexible policy. With regard to the level of investment in current assets, your firm has a flexible policy. With regard to the financing of the current assets, your firm has a restrictive policy. With regard to both the level of investment in current assets and the financing of the current assets, your firm has a relatively restrictive policy.arrow_forward
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- Companies often are under pressure to meet or beat Wall Street earnings projections in order to increase stock prices and also to increase the value of stock options. Such pressure may cause some managers to alter their estimates for depreciation to artificially create desired results.Required: 1. Understand the reporting effect: Do estimates by management affect the amount of depreciation in its company’s financial statements? 2. Specify the options: To increase earnings in the initial years following the purchase of a depreciable asset, would management (a) choose straight-line or double-declining balance, (b) estimate a longer or shorter service life, and (c) estimate a higher or lower residual value? 3. Identify the impact: Are decisions of investors and creditors affected by accounting estimates? 4. Make a decision: Should a company alter depreciation estimates for the sole purpose of meeting expectations of Wall Street analysts?arrow_forwardIf a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. There are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. The first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. Because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected rate of return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. The second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: The difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. Quantitative Problem: Barton Industries expects next year's annual dividend, D1, to be $2.50 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. The firm's current common stock price, P0, is $20.00. If it needs to issue new common stock, the firm will encounter a 6%…arrow_forwardIf a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. There are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. The first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. Because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected rate of return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. The second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: Cost of equity from new stock = r, D1 +8 Po(1-F) The difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. Quantitative Problem: Barton Industries expects next year's annual dividend, D1, to be $1.90 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. The firm's current common stock price, Po, is $25.00. If it needs to issue…arrow_forward
- EBK CONTEMPORARY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFinanceISBN:9781337514835Author:MOYERPublisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENT