
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The direction of the dipole moment in
Concept introduction:
Polar molecule: It has net dipole as a result of the opposing charges for example molecule has partially positive charge and partially negative charge. It has slight positive charge on one side and a slight negative charge on the other side.
Electronegativity:
It’s a tendency of an atom to attract bond pair of electron of a molecule.
Fluorine has the highest electronegative value.
i.e. 4.
The Cesium and Francium has the least electronegative value .i.e. 0.7
Dipole moment:
Dipole moment occurs when there is a separation of charge.
It can be seen in between s two ions and ionic bond or between in a covalent bond.
Dipole moment arises due to difference in electronegativity.
The larger the difference of electronegativity, larger is the dipole moment.
The dipole moment is the measure of the polarity of the molecule.
Dipole moment can be denoted by the Unit called Debye (D) only.
(b)
Interpretation:
The direction of the dipole moment in
Concept introduction:
Polar molecule: It has net dipole as a result of the opposing charges for example molecule has partially positive charge and partially negative charge. It has slight positive charge on one side and a slight negative charge on the other side.
Electronegativity:
It’s a tendency of an atom to attract bond pair of electron of a molecule.
Fluorine has the highest electronegative value.
i.e. 4.
The Cesium and Francium has the least electronegative value .i.e. 0.7
Dipole moment:
Dipole moment occurs when there is a separation of charge.
It can be seen in between s two ions and ionic bond or between in a covalent bond.
Dipole moment arises due to difference in electronegativity.
The larger the difference of electronegativity, larger is the dipole moment.
The dipole moment is the measure of the polarity of the molecule.
Dipole moment can be denoted by the Unit called Debye (D) only.
(c)
Interpretation:
The direction of the dipole moment in
Concept introduction:
Polar molecule: It has net dipole as a result of the opposing charges for example molecule has partially positive charge and partially negative charge. It has slight positive charge on one side and a slight negative charge on the other side.
Electronegativity:
It’s a tendency of an atom to attract bond pair of electron of a molecule.
Fluorine has the highest electronegative value.
i.e. 4.
The Cesium and Francium has the least electronegative value .i.e. 0.7
Dipole moment:
Dipole moment occurs when there is a separation of charge.
It can be seen in between s two ions and ionic bond or between in a covalent bond.
Dipole moment arises due to difference in electronegativity.
The larger the difference of electronegativity, larger is the dipole moment.
The dipole moment is the measure of the polarity of the molecule.
Dipole moment can be denoted by the Unit called Debye (D) only.
(d)
Interpretation:
The direction of the dipole moment in
Concept introduction:
Polar molecule: It has net dipole as a result of the opposing charges for example molecule has partially positive charge and partially negative charge. It has slight positive charge on one side and a slight negative charge on the other side.
Electronegativity:
It’s a tendency of an atom to attract bond pair of electron of a molecule.
Fluorine has the highest electronegative value.
i.e. 4.
The Cesium and Francium has the least electronegative value .i.e. 0.7
Dipole moment:
Dipole moment occurs when there is a separation of charge.
It can be seen in between s two ions and ionic bond or between in a covalent bond.
Dipole moment arises due to difference in electronegativity.
The larger the difference of electronegativity, larger is the dipole moment.
The dipole moment is the measure of the polarity of the molecule.
Dipole moment can be denoted by the Unit called Debye (D) only.
(e)
Interpretation:
The direction of the dipole moment in
Concept introduction:
Polar molecule: It has net dipole as a result of the opposing charges for example molecule has partially positive charge and partially negative charge. It has slight positive charge on one side and a slight negative charge on the other side.
Electronegativity:
It’s a tendency of an atom to attract bond pair of electron of a molecule.
Fluorine has the highest electronegative value.
i.e. 4.
The Cesium and Francium has the least electronegative value .i.e. 0.7
Dipole moment:
Dipole moment occurs when there is a separation of charge.
It can be seen in between s two ions and ionic bond or between in a covalent bond.
Dipole moment arises due to difference in electronegativity.
The larger the difference of electronegativity, larger is the dipole moment.
The dipole moment is the measure of the polarity of the molecule.
Dipole moment can be denoted by the Unit called Debye (D) only.
(f)
Interpretation:
The direction of the dipole moment in
Concept introduction:
Polar molecule: It has net dipole as a result of the opposing charges for example molecule has partially positive charge and partially negative charge. It has slight positive charge on one side and a slight negative charge on the other side.
Electronegativity:
It’s a tendency of an atom to attract bond pair of electron of a molecule.
Fluorine has the highest electronegative value.
i.e. 4.
The Cesium and Francium has the least electronegative value .i.e. 0.7
Dipole moment:
Dipole moment occurs when there is a separation of charge.
It can be seen in between s two ions and ionic bond or between in a covalent bond.
Dipole moment arises due to difference in electronegativity.
The larger the difference of electronegativity, larger is the dipole moment.
The dipole moment is the measure of the polarity of the molecule.
Dipole moment can be denoted by the Unit called Debye (D) only.

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Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry Study Guide and Solutions Manual, Books a la Carte Edition (8th Edition)
- Determine the structures of the missing organic molecules in the following reaction: X+H₂O H* H+ Y OH OH Note: Molecules that share the same letter have the exact same structure. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic molecules X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X Sarrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction. If there aren't any products, because nothing will happen, check the box under the drawing area instead. No reaction. HO. O :☐ + G Na O.H Click and drag to start drawing a structure. XS xs H₂Oarrow_forwardWhat are the angles a and b in the actual molecule of which this is a Lewis structure? H H C H- a -H b H Note for advanced students: give the ideal angles, and don't worry about small differences from the ideal groups may have slightly different sizes. a = b = 0 °arrow_forward
- What are the angles a and b in the actual molecule of which this is a Lewis structure? :0: HCOH a Note for advanced students: give the ideal angles, and don't worry about small differences from the ideal that might be caused by the fact that different electron groups may have slightly different sizes. a = 0 b=0° Sarrow_forwardDetermine the structures of the missing organic molecules in the following reaction: + H₂O +H OH O OH +H OH X Note: Molecules that share the same letter have the exact same structure. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structure of the missing organic molecule X. Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardIdentify the missing organic reactant in the following reaction: x + x O OH H* + ☑- X H+ O O Х Note: This chemical equation only focuses on the important organic molecules in the reaction. Additional inorganic or small-molecule reactants or products (like H₂O) are not shown. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structure of the missing organic reactant X. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Carrow_forward
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- Predict the organic products that form in the reaction below: + OH +H H+ ➤ ☑ X - Y Note: You may assume you have an excess of either reactant if the reaction requires more than one of those molecules to form the products. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic products X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Garrow_forwardPredict the organic products that form in the reaction below: OH H+ H+ + ☑ Y Note: You may assume you have an excess of either reactant if the reaction requires more than one of those molecules to form the products. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic products X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ✓ marrow_forwardDetermine the structures of the missing organic molecules in the following reaction: + H₂O +H H+ Y Z ☑ ☑ Note: Molecules that share the same letter have the exact same structure. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic molecules X, Y, and Z. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Molecule X shows up in multiple steps, but you only have to draw its structure once. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. AP +arrow_forward
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