MICROBIOLOGY-ACCESS >CUSTOM<
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780135668825
Author: Tortora
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 5A
People once believed all microbial diseases would be controlled by the twenty-first century. Name one emerging infectious disease. List three reasons why we are identifying new diseases now.
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Emerging diseases such as AIDS and ebola virus have only fairly recently become a problem because
a) they only recently evolved
b) means of immunization have recently failed
c) humans have only recently come into contact with other species that carry these diseases
d) practices of modern life make us more susceptible to such diseases
Please answer very carefully.
In terms of microbial pathogenicity, molecular Koch's postulates are a set of experimental criteria that show:
A microbe is the aetiological agent of a disease
A gene encodes a product that contributes to disease
A gene encodes a product that contributes to immunity to a disease
A mutation does not contribute to disease
Why is international cooperation a necessity in the field of epidemiology? What specific problems can you envision if there were no such cooperation?
Chapter 1 Solutions
MICROBIOLOGY-ACCESS >CUSTOM<
Ch. 1 - Review 1. How did the idea of spontaneous...Ch. 1 - Briefly state the role microorganisms play in each...Ch. 1 - Into which field of microbiology would the...Ch. 1 - Match the microorganisms in column A to their...Ch. 1 - Match the people in column A to their contribution...Ch. 1 - It is possible to purchase the following...Ch. 1 - NAME IT What type of microorganism has a...Ch. 1 - DRAW IT Show where airborne microbes ended up in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 1 - Which of the following is not a characteristic of...
Ch. 1 - Which of the following is the most important...Ch. 1 - Recombinant DNA is a. DNA in bacteria. b. the...Ch. 1 - Which of the following statements is the best...Ch. 1 - Which of the following is a beneficial activity of...Ch. 1 - It has been said that bacteria are essential for...Ch. 1 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 1 - Spallanzanis conclusion about spontaneous...Ch. 1 - Which of the following statements about E. coli is...Ch. 1 - How did the theory of biogenesis lead the way for...Ch. 1 - Even though the germ theory of disease was not...Ch. 1 - Prob. 3ACh. 1 - Find at least three supermarket products made by...Ch. 1 - People once believed all microbial diseases would...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1CAECh. 1 - In 1864, Lister observed that patients recovered...Ch. 1 - Prob. 3CAE
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- All of the following are emerging infectious diseases excepta) smallpox.b) hepatitis C.c) Lyme disease.d) hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.e) mad cow disease.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT true about Koch's postulates? First developed by Robert Koch, the pioneering German microbiologist In the first step, the microbe that causes a naturally occurring disease is cultured from a "wild" (non-laboratory) animal which has that disease None of the other four answers (All are true about Koch's Postulates) They represent a process for showing a causal association between a specific microbe and a disease If the same microbe from a diseased "wild" (non-laboratory) host causes the same disease in a lab animal and it can be cultured from that lab animal, this proves that the microbe is the cause of the naturally occurring diseasearrow_forwardWhy are Koch’s postulates not sufficient to establish the cause of all infectious diseases?arrow_forward
- Select all the statements that are true regarding the drug treatments available for infectious diseases.□ Antiviral drugs are harder to develop than antibiotics because viruses must use our cellular machinery replicate. □ Very few anti-parasitic drugs exist because diseases caused by Eukaryotes are extremely rare all over the world.□ Fewer drugs are available to treat Eukaryotic pathogens because their physiology and functions are very similar to our own.□ Development of antiparasitic drugs are a low priority because the diseases they treat tend to occur in poor countries, and drug companies can't make money.□ Antivirals may quit working because rates of viral mutation are very high.□ There are more antiviral drugs than atibiotics because antiviral drugs are very easy and cheap to make.arrow_forwardSelect all of the following that applies to the tradeoff between transmission and virulence that applies to many diseases. a) The tradeoff between transmission and virulence means that diseases always evolve to become more virulent. b) If greater virulence limits transmission, that disease will likely evolve to become less virulent than it could be. c) While making more copies of itself can increase the likelihood of transmission occurring, too much replication of the disease can make the host so sick it won't leave the house and spread the disease. d) A strain of a disease that replicates enough to be transmitted, but not so much that the host gets too sick to move, will be favored by natural selection over strains that either make the host too sick or do not replicate enough to be transmitted. e) If a disease can spread without making its host sick (e.g. when the host is asymptomatic), then the tradeoff between transmission and virulence…arrow_forwardThe 2020 flu shot is an _____ virus vaccine made against three _____ of influenza predicted to cause this season's epidemic. A)attenuated; strains B)inactivated; strains C)inactivated; species D)attenuated; speciesarrow_forward
- The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) is a US National Institutes of Health initiative that was launched in 2008 with a 5-year mission to generate resources enabling comprehensive characterization of the human microbiome and analysis of its role in human health and disease. As of October 2012, approximately 5,000 samples had been collected from 129 men and 113 women. Body sites sampled included the mouth, nose, skin, lower intestine (stool samples), and vagina. HMP researchers have calculated that more than 10,000 microbial species occupy the human ecosystem and that they have identified between 81% and 99% of the genera. What microorganisms are identified in the vagina and their potential functions/roles of these microbial populations to human health based on the dataarrow_forwardWhich statements describe ways in which antibiotic resistant bacteria can spread? Health care workers become infected after have interacting with sick patients. Hospital visitors transfer resistant bacteria from patients to family or community members. Animals raised for meat or milk are routinely given antibiotics. Animal feces is used as a fertilizer for food crops. Antibacterial soaps are used at home, at schools, and in hospitals.arrow_forwardJust last week the Energy Department now seems pretty confident that the coronavirus came from a lab leak: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/26/us/politics/china-lab-leak-coronavirus-pandemic.html The textbook discusses how the environment is part of the epidemiologic triangle. What is the epidemiologic triangle? (Figure 10-2, p.210). Why does it matter where this coronavirus started? Do you have any theories about how the virus was transmitted to humans?arrow_forward
- Which of the following would be the easiest to eradicate?a) A pathogen that is common in wild animals but sometimes infects humansb) A disease that occurs exclusively in humans, always resulting in obvious symptomsc) A mild disease of humans that often results in no obvious symptomsd) A pathogen found in marine sedimentse) A pathogen that readily infects both wild animals and humansarrow_forwardAll of the following are thought to contribute to the emergence of disease excepta) advances in technology.b) breakdown of public health infrastructure.c) construction of dams.d) mass distribution and importation of food.e) widespread vaccination programs.arrow_forwardIt was not until 1928 that penicillin, the first true antibiotic, was discovered by Alexander Fleming, Professor of Bacteriology at St. Mary's Hospital in London. Penicillin heralded the dawn of the antibiotic age. Before its introduction there was no effective treatment for infections such as pneumonia, gonorrhea or rheumatic fever. Hospitals were full of people with blood poisoning contracted from a cut or a scratch, and doctors could do little for them but wait and hope. 1. What is the mechanism of action of penicillin? 2. Cells treated with penicillin do not die immediately, so how this antibiotic is effective? 3. Why penicillin is most effective against Gram-positive bacteria? 4. Explain penicillin resistance mechanisms among bacteria today and the causes why they gained this resistance and making this great life-saving drug not usable anymore.arrow_forward
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