Chapter 1, Problem 55PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Hybridization state of each carbon atom in the given compound has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.

• ${\text{sp}}^{\text{3}}$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
• ${\text{sp}}^2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
• $\text{sp }$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

$s{p}^3$ hybridized =    tetrahedral

    trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present)

    bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present)

$s{p}^2$ hybridized =    trigonal planar

$sp$ hybridized =    linear

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Hybridization state of each carbon atom in the given compound has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.

• ${\text{sp}}^{\text{3}}$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
• ${\text{sp}}^2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
• $\text{sp }$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

$s{p}^3$ hybridized =    tetrahedral

    trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present)

    bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present)

$s{p}^2$ hybridized =    trigonal planar

$sp$ hybridized =    linear