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The Huygens Probe MASA’s Cassini mission to Saturn released a probe on December 25, 2004, that landed on the Saturnian moon Titan on January 14, 2005. The probe, which was named Huygens, was released with a gentle relative speed of 31 cm/s. As Huygens moved away from the main spacecraft, it rotated at a rate of seven revolutions per minute. (a) How many revolutions had Huygens completed when it was 150 yards from the mother ship? (b) How far did Huygens move away from the mother ship during each revolution? Give your answer in feet.
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Physics (5th Edition)
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- In 1993 the spacecraft Galileo sent home an image of asteroid 243 Ida and an orbiting tiny moon (now known as Dactyl), the first confirmed example of an asteroid moon system. Other such systems have since been discovered. Assume an asteroid's moon is 1.4 km wide, and that its center is 130 km from the center of the asteroid, which is 55 km long. The moon's orbit is circular with a period of 22 h. (a) What is the mass of the asteroid? kg (b) The volume of the asteroid is 14,100 km³. What is the density of the asteroid? |kg/m³arrow_forwardWe are planning a human exploration mission to Mars. We will first place our spacecraft into a circular around Mars and then send down a lander. a) If we want the spacecraft to orbit at an altitude of 170 km above the Martian surface, what will the velocity and orbital period of the spacecraft? b) When we land astronauts on the surface of Mars, what acceleration due to gravity in terms of g’s (i.e. as a fraction of the Earth’s gravitational acceleration) will the astronauts experience? You are permitted to use an online resource (e.g. Google) to find the necessary information about Mars that you might need in solving this problem.arrow_forwardYou are participating in a NASA traineeship, working with a group planning a new landing on Mars. Your supervisor has come up with an idea for putting a synchronous satellite over the landing spot near the Martian equator, so that radio communication between Earth and the lander is improved. She asks you to report to her on the required height above the Martian surface of a synchronous satellite. Note: The rotation period of Mars is 1.026 d. (Enter your answer in m.)arrow_forward
- In the time of Johannes Kepler, it was believed that the orbit of Earth was circular, whereas the orbit of Mars was believed to be an oval (perhaps an ellipse), whose minor axis is 0.5% shorter than its major axis, so (a − b)/a ≈ 0.005. It was also known that the Sun is not at the center of this orbit; it is offset by about 10% of a. Kepler knew the geometry of ellipses very well, and recognized that this information made it quite likely that the orbit of Mars was actually an ellipse. Explain how he might have reached this conclusion (which was confirmed theoretically by Isaac Newton a half-century later).arrow_forwardTo find some of the parameters characterizing an object moving in a circular orbit.The motivation for Isaac Newton to discover his laws of motion was to explain the properties of planetary orbits that were observed by Tycho Brahe and analyzed by Johannes Kepler. A good starting point for understanding this (as well as the speed of the space shuttle and the height of geostationary satellites) is the simplest orbit: a circular one. This problem concerns the properties of circular orbits for a satellite orbiting a planet of mass M. For all parts of this problem, where appropriate, use G for the universal gravitational constant. Find the orbital speed v of a satellite in a circular orbit of radius R around a planet of mass M . Express the orbital speed in terms of G , M , and R . Find the kinetic energy K of a satellite with mass m in a circular orbit of radius R around a planet of mass M . Express your answer in terms of m , M , G , and R . Find the satellite's orbital…arrow_forwardIn 1993 the spacecraft Galileo sent home an image (the figure) of asteroid 243 Ida and a tiny orbiting moon (now known as Dactyl), the first confirmed example of an asteroid-moon system. In the image, the moon, which is 1.5 km wide, is 100 km from the center of the asteroid, which is 55 km long. The shape of the moon's orbit is not well known; assume it is circular with a period of 27 h. (a) What is the mass of the asteroid? (b) The volume of the asteroid, measured from the Galileo images, is 14100 km³. What is the density (mass per unit volume) of the asteroid? (a) Number (b) Number A tiny moon (at right) orbits asteroid 243 Ida. (Courtesy NASA) Units Unitsarrow_forward
- Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 surveyed the surface of Jupiter’s moon Io and photographed active volcanoes spewing liquid sulfur to heights of 70 km above the surface of this moon. Find the speed which the liquid sulfur left the volcano. Io’s mass is 8.9 x 10^(22 )kg, and its radius is 1820 km.arrow_forwardJupiter's moon Io has active volcanoes (in fact, it is the most volcanically active body in the solar system) that eject material as high as 500 km (or even higher) above the surface. Io has a mass of 8.93×1022kg and a radius of 1821 km How high would this material go on earth if it were ejected with the same speed as on Io? (REarth = 6370 km, mEartg=5.96×1024kg) NOTE: Your answer suggests that you have assumed constant gravitational acceleration over the whole height of the ejected debris. Note that the gravitational field changes quite significantly over this height.arrow_forwardNASA’s Cassini mission to Saturn released aprobe on December 25, 2004, that landed on the Saturnian moonTitan on January 14, 2005. The probe, which was named Huygens,was released with a gentle relative speed of 31 cm>s. As Huygensmoved away from the main spacecraft, it rotated at a rate of sevenrevolutions per minute. (a) How many revolutions had Huygenscompleted when it was 150 yards from the mother ship? (b) Howfar did Huygens move away from the mother ship during each revolution? Give your answer in feetarrow_forward
- (a) Based on the observations, determine the total mass M of the planet. (b) Which moon and planet of our solar system is the team observing? (Use literature.)arrow_forwardThe orbital speeds of the planets Mercury and Mars are v(Mercury) = 50 km / s and V(Mars) = 24.2 km / s. Assume that the orbits of these planets Mercury and Mars around the Sun are circular, find the ratio of the radii of their R (Mercury) / R (Mars) orbits.arrow_forwardThis is a proportional reasoning calculation. You will want to set up equations, but mostly to look at how the orbital distance affects the orbital velocity, or to set up a ratio. (Once you know how it changes you'll have to multiply by the value at the surface to get an answer in m/s.) At the surface of the exoplanet HD179079 b, the orbital velocity would be 1.72E+4 m/s. What would the orbital velocity be 8 radii above the surface? m/s. Note: If your answer requires scientific notation, remember that OWL uses "e" notation: 1.1 x 105 is 1.1e5 to OWL.arrow_forward
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
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