Chapter 1, Problem 44PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To find the neutral element considering the given electronic configurations.

Concept introduction:

The electronic configuration of the neutral element is described by considering Hund’s rule.  According to Hund’s rule the lowest ground state is filled up by the electrons first singly and then the pairing is done.  The total angular momentum of each electron is ½.  When this is paired they both cancel each other and then the next level orbital starts to fill up.

To find: The neutral element with the electronic configuration of $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^4$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To find the neutral element considering the given electronic configurations.

Concept introduction:

The electronic configuration of the neutral element is described by considering Hund’s rule.  According to Hund’s rule the lowest ground state is filled up by the electrons first singly and then the pairing is done.  The total angular momentum of each electron is ½.  When this is paired they both cancel each other and then the next level orbital starts to fill up.

To find : The neutral element with the electronic configuration of $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^5$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To find the neutral element considering the given electronic configurations.

Concept introduction:

The electronic configuration of the neutral element is described by considering Hund’s rule.  According to Hund’s rule the lowest ground state is filled up by the electrons first singly and then the pairing is done.  The total angular momentum of each electron is ½.  When this is paired they both cancel each other and then the next level orbital starts to fill up.

To find : The neutral element with the electronic configuration of $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^2$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To find the neutral element considering the given electronic configurations.

Concept introduction:

The electronic configuration of the neutral element is described by considering Hund’s rule.  According to Hund’s rule the lowest ground state is filled up by the electrons first singly and then the pairing is done.  The total angular momentum of each electron is ½.  When this is paired they both cancel each other and then the next level orbital starts to fill up.

To find : The neutral element with the electronic configuration of $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^3$

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To find the neutral element considering the given electronic configurations.

Concept introduction:

The electronic configuration of the neutral element is described by considering Hund’s rule.  According to Hund’s rule the lowest ground state is filled up by the electrons first singly and then the pairing is done.  The total angular momentum of each electron is ½.  When this is paired they both cancel each other and then the next level orbital starts to fill up.

To find : The neutral element with the electronic configuration of $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^5$