Make a drawing, based on the kinetic-molecular theory and the ideas about atoms and molecules presented in this chapter, of the arrangement of particles in each of the cases listed here. For each case, draw 10 particles of each substance. It is acceptable for your diagram to be two dimensional. Represent each atom as a circle, and distinguish each different kind of atom by shading. (a) a homogeneous mixture of water vapor and helium gas (which consists of helium atoms) (b) a heterogeneous mixture consisting of liquid water and solid aluminum; show a region of the sample that includes both substances (c) a sample of brass (which is a homogeneous solid mixture of copper and zinc)
Make a drawing, based on the kinetic-molecular theory and the ideas about atoms and molecules presented in this chapter, of the arrangement of particles in each of the cases listed here. For each case, draw 10 particles of each substance. It is acceptable for your diagram to be two dimensional. Represent each atom as a circle, and distinguish each different kind of atom by shading. (a) a homogeneous mixture of water vapor and helium gas (which consists of helium atoms) (b) a heterogeneous mixture consisting of liquid water and solid aluminum; show a region of the sample that includes both substances (c) a sample of brass (which is a homogeneous solid mixture of copper and zinc)
Make a drawing, based on the kinetic-molecular theory and the ideas about atoms and molecules presented in this chapter, of the arrangement of particles in each of the cases listed here. For each case, draw 10 particles of each substance. It is acceptable for your diagram to be two dimensional. Represent each atom as a circle, and distinguish each different kind of atom by shading.
(a) a homogeneous mixture of water vapor and helium gas (which consists of helium atoms)
(b) a heterogeneous mixture consisting of liquid water and solid aluminum; show a region of the sample that includes both substances
(c) a sample of brass (which is a homogeneous solid mixture of copper and zinc)
There is an instrument in Johnson 334 that measures total-reflectance x-ray fluorescence (TXRF) to do elemental analysis (i.e., determine what elements are present in a sample). A researcher is preparing a to measure calcium content in a series of well water samples by TXRF with an internal standard of vanadium (atomic symbol: V). She has prepared a series of standard solutions to ensure a linear instrument response over the expected Ca concentration range of 40-80 ppm. The concentrations of Ca and V (ppm) and the instrument response (peak area, arbitrary units) are shown below. Also included is a sample spectrum. Equation 1 describes the response factor, K, relating the analyte signal (SA) and the standard signal (SIS) to their respective concentrations (CA and CIS).
Ca, ppm
V, ppm
SCa, arb. units
SV, arb. units
20.0
10.0
14375.11
14261.02
40.0
10.0
36182.15
17997.10
60.0
10.0
39275.74
12988.01
80.0
10.0
57530.75
14268.54
100.0…
A mixture of 0.568 M H₂O, 0.438 M Cl₂O, and 0.710 M HClO are enclosed in a vessel at 25 °C.
H₂O(g) + C₁₂O(g) = 2 HOCl(g)
K = 0.0900 at 25°C
с
Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of each gas at 25 °C.
[H₂O]=
[C₁₂O]=
[HOCI]=
M
Σ
M
What units (if any) does the response factor (K) have? Does the response factor (K) depend upon how the concentration is expressed (e.g. molarity, ppm, ppb, etc.)?
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