Chapter 1, Problem 3SEPT

Factors that impact the incubation period of a disease include all of the following EXCEPT: a. b. C. d. Invasive ability of the infectious agent The site of infection Dose Genetic predisposition

Why antibacterial drugs are ineffective against: A. Fungal Infections B. Viral infections C. Helminthic worm infections

The epidemiological or disease triangle is a model of disease causation that proposes three factors contribute to an outbreak – an agent that causes the disease, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together. Some general changes within these three factors that may cause an infectious disease to emerge include:     A. changes in populations or behavior of reservoir hosts or intermediate hosts   B. microbial genetic mutation and viral genetic recombination or assortment    C. environmental factors such as an increase in precipitation   D. all of the above    E. none of the above

Differentiate the terms in each of the following pairs a. etiology and pathogenesis b. infection and diseases c. communicable disease and noncommunicable disease

Which of the following is a mis-match? a. Urogenital - often associated with sexually transmitted pathogens b. Respiratory - spread by sneezing C. Parenteral - pathogen is passed from mother to child through the placenta O d. Gastrointestinal - often involves fecal-to-oral transmission e. Conjunctiva - involving eyes

Which of the following statements is incorrect? a. Mucosal surfaces are better than skin surfaces at supporting colonization by commensal microorganisms. b. The skin provides a larger surface area than mucosal surfaces for commensal microorganisms. c. There are ten times as many bacteria residing in the intestinal tract than the number of cells in the human body. d. It is common for commensal bacteria to live in symbiosis with their human hosts. e. During gestation in mammals, a fetus does not have any commensal microorganisms on their skin or mucosal surfaces.

The following are the limitations of Koch's postulates EXCEPT: A. some pathogens cannot grow on artificial media and therefore cannot be identified as the causative agent of the disease B. some diseases involve multiple pathogens which produce similar symptoms making it difficult to pinpoint the causative agent C. some diseases are host-specific and re-inoculation may pose ethical concerns D. some microorganisms are present in the body fluids of the infected animal which make them difficult to be cultured

When there is an outbreak, epidemiologists investigate who are the people that developed the disease and what do they have in common, where it first occurred, and when it started. In summary, they are looking at the  ___________________ of the disease.   a. Determinants   b. Distribution   c. Complications   d. Natural History

Foodborne pathogens often require the presence of a large number of microbes before an active infection results. These microbes would have a high A.) median infectious dose (ID50). B.) incubation period. C.) virulence. D.) median lethal dose (LD50). E.) mortality.