Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 3MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Mutation is defined as the sudden unpredictable change in the sequence of DNA. It results in an alteration in DNA sequence. Mutation is caused by environmental factors such as ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, chemical agents such as sodium azide, bromine and so on.
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Which of the following statements about genes is incorrect?
Select one:
O a. During fertilization, both the sperm and the ovum contribute genes to the resulting fertilized egg.
b. Genetic differences can result from changes in the DNA called mutations.
O c. Genes correspond to segments of DNA.
d. Under normal circumstances, each chromosome contains precisely one gene.
e. Many genes contain the information needed for cells to synthesize enzymes and other proteins.
A.) DNA encodes for the cell genome and is therefore a permanent copy to have a functioning cell.
B.)Different changes to the structure of messenger RNA can cause mutations and genomic instability which could lead to abnormal cells in the body.
a. Statement A is correct
b. Statement B is correct
c. Both A and B are correct
d. Both A and B are incorrect
Hox genes are activated in specific regions of the body (e.g. back of the head) and activate other genes to build specific structures in those regions. This was largely discovered by looking at the effects of mutants of the various hox genes. What other technique would provide information on the action of hox genes?
Group of answer choices
A. copy hox genes and place them in bacteria
B. copy hox genes and place them in plants
C. completely remove all hox genes from the genome
D. change the control of hox genes so that they are expressed in different body regions
E. reverse the order of the hox genes on the chromosome
Chapter 1 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 1.1 - Describe the source of the energy stored In the...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 1.1 - explain why these characteristics are necessary to...Ch. 1.1 - describe how reproduction allows evolution to...Ch. 1.1 - The Boundaries of Life Are viruses alive? Viruses...Ch. 1.2 - explain what mutations are, how they occur, what...Ch. 1.2 - explain how natural processes lead inevitably to...Ch. 1.2 - describe how a new species can be produced by...Ch. 1.2 - The largest dinosaurs were plant-eaters. Based on...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 1CYL
Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 1.3 - describe the fundamental differences between...Ch. 1.3 - What current, ongoing environmental change is...Ch. 1.4 - describe the principles underlying science?Ch. 1.4 - outline the scientific method?Ch. 1.4 - explain why controls are crucial in biological...Ch. 1.4 - explain why fundamental scientific principles are...Ch. 1.4 - distinguish between inductive and deductive...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 1.4 - Fruit flies, bacteria from hot springs, sea...Ch. 1.4 - The Boundaries of Life If viruses aren't a form of...Ch. 1 - Evolution is a. a belief. b. a scientific theory....Ch. 1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 1 - Prob. 3MCCh. 1 - Prob. 4MCCh. 1 - Which one of the following is True? a. The...Ch. 1 - Organisms respond to ________. Organisms acquire...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 1 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 1 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 1 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 1 - Prob. 1RQCh. 1 - Prob. 2RQCh. 1 - Prob. 3RQCh. 1 - Prob. 4RQCh. 1 - What are some differences between prokaryotic and...Ch. 1 - What basic principles underlie scientific inquiry?Ch. 1 - Prob. 7RQCh. 1 - Prob. 8RQCh. 1 - Explain the differences between inductive and...Ch. 1 - List the steps in the scientific method with a...Ch. 1 - What misunderstanding causes some people to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2ACCh. 1 - Review Alexander Flemings experiment that led to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4ACCh. 1 - Prob. 5AC
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- In the paper we read at the beginning of the term the coat color differences in the beach mice were driven by change in the melanocortin-1 (MCR-1) gene between the color morphs. Based on this information what can you conclude about the mutation causing the color change? a. It is a nonsynonymous substitution. b. The mutation is considered silent. c. The mutation is a transition. d. It is a synonymous substitution.arrow_forwardAre the following examples a description of genetics at the molecular, cellular, organismal, or populational level? A. People with cystic fibrosis have lung problems due to a buildup of mucus in their lungs B. The mutant CF gene encodes a chloride transporter that doesn't transport chloride ions very well. C. A defect in the chloride transporter causes a salt imbalance in lung cells.arrow_forwardWhich of the following observations would support the Darwinian theory for the evolution of cancer cells (select all that apply)? A. Mutations enable tumor cells to grow faster than normal cells. B. Cells within the tumor each have different mutation in RAS C. Cells isolated from a tumor are all found to have an inactivating mutation in a gene that is normally pro-apoptotic D. Cells of the same type isolated from a tumor are all found to have multiple identical mutations E. Cells of the same type isolated from a tumor are found to be genetically distinct and have different types of mutationsarrow_forward
- Which of the following would not be consistent with the ideathat a disorder has a genetic component?a. The disorder is more likely to occur among an affectedperson’s relatives than in the general population.b. The disorder can spread to individuals sharing similarenvironments.c. The disorder tends to develop at a characteristic age.d. A correlation is observed between the disorder and amutant gene.arrow_forwardAt birth a child has got blue eyes, but now his/her eyes turn brown. Which of the following statements would best explain the observed phenomena? A. The child does not have brown pigment at birth B. Eye’s colour at birth is affected by mother’s gene C. Gene repressor for brown pigment produced is not yet active D. Gene activatior for brown pigment production is not yet active at birth E. All of the above statements are falsearrow_forwardYou have been put in charge of developing a breed of domesticated dog that lives to be 40 years old on average. You will need to brainstorm for several minutes on how you could extend the life of dogs. You should refer to the example of the fruit flies from lecture.As part of this project, the breeders will need to put together an informational brochure to hand out to veterinarians and prospective owners of the dogs, which discusses: first, how dogs' age will be extended, then, some of the potential consequences of having a pet that lives for such a long time. The brochure will need to inform prospective owners that these dogs may live 40 or more years. It should point out that someone who is 30+ years old may have to plan on care for the pet if it were to outlive him or her. Also, there will be more lifetime costs associated with these dogs simply because they live so long. These dogs may be prone to diseases that are not seen in dogs with shorter life spans. Finally, there may be…arrow_forward
- Why is it easier to manipulate embryonic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is to manipulate a typical adult cell? a. As cells develop, signaling pathways can cause some genes to be turned off during development. b. Adult cells have different DNA content than do embryonic stem cells. c. Emybronic stem cells pose less of a threat for organ rejection as do an individual s own adult cells. d. It is no easier to manipulate emybronic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is to manipulate a typical adult cell.arrow_forwardWith regard to human cancer cells, which of the following statements is true? A. Cancer cells within one tumor usually do not share common mutations B. Cancer cells generally have lost the ability to divide C. Oncogenes are non-human genes not related to normal genes in the human genome D. Mutations in DNA repair genes result in an increased chance of getting cancer.arrow_forwardInsect wings are coded for by the same gene that creates... A. internal air branches (trachea) B. Their cuticle C. their antennae D. parts of crustacean appendages, like legsarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is true about the effects of mutations in somatic cells and gametes? A. Only mutations in gametes can affect future generations. B. Only mutations in somatic cells can affect future generations. C. Neither mutations in somatic cells or gametes can affect future generations. D. Mutations in both somatic cells and gametes can affect future generations.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the sequence in which the segmentation genes act? a. Segment-polarity genes → gap genes → pair-rule genes b. Gap genes → pair-rule genes → segment-polarity genes c. Segment-polarity genes → pair-rule genes → gap genes d. Gap genes → segment-polarity genes → pair-rule genesarrow_forwardWhat is the relation of genetics to Alzheimer’s disease? a. Identified genes have a strong effect on early-onset Alzheimer’s disease and a weaker effect on lateonset disease. b. Identified genes have a weak effect on early-onset Alzheimer’s disease and a stronger effect on lateonset disease. c. Identified genes have a strong effect on both the early and late onset forms of Alzheimer’s disease. d. Identified genes have little or no effect on Alzheimer’s disease, regardless of time of onset.arrow_forward
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY