Chapter 1, Problem 2MCP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

One physical and one chemical property of the block of wood has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical properties:

The properties which are measured or observed without change in composition of matter are said to be physical properties.  These includes appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, polarity and so on.

Chemical properties:

The properties that are observed when a substance undergoes any chemical reaction are said to be chemical properties.  These include flammability, toxicity, stability, heat of combustion, reactivity, acidity, basicity and so on.

Explanation of Solution

The physical property of a block of wood is shape of the block.

The chemical property of wood is tendency to burn.  When wood is burnt, it becomes ash and the chemical change occurs in the reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The properties mentioned in part (a) has to be labelled as intensive or extensive property.

Concept Introduction:

Intensive property:

The property which does not depends on the amount of matter is said to be an intensive property.  The change in the volume or mass of the matter does not affect intensive properties.

Extensive property:

The property which depends on the amount of the matter is said to be an extensive property.  The change in the volume or mass of the matter changes the extensive properties.

Explanation of Solution

The shape of the wood block is intensive property.  It does not depend on mass or volume of the block.

The burning of wood block is extensive property.  The mass and volume of the wood changes after the chemical reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A block of wood measures $\text{8}\text{.0}\text{in}$ high, $\text{2}\text{.0}\text{in}$ wide and $\text{1}\text{.5}\text{in}$ deep.  The volume of the block of wood has to be calculated in units of ${\text{in}}^{\text{3}}$.

Explanation of Solution

Given, height of the wood block $\text{8}\text{.0}\text{in}$, width of the wood block $\text{2}\text{.0}\text{in}$ and depth of the wood block $\text{1}\text{.5}\text{in}$.

The volume of the block of the wood can be calculated by multiplication of height, width and depth.

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{Volume}\text{=}\text{height}\text{×}\text{width}\text{×}\text{depth}\\ \text{=}\text{8}\text{.0}\text{in}\text{×}\text{2}\text{.0}\text{in}\text{×}\text{1}\text{.5}\text{in}\\ \text{=}\text{24}{\text{in}}^{\text{3}}\end{array}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A block of wood measures $\text{8}\text{.0}\text{in}$ high, $\text{2}\text{.0}\text{in}$ wide and $\text{1}\text{.5}\text{in}$ deep.  The dimensions have to be calculated in units of centimeter.

Concept Introduction:

The conversion of inches to centimeters can be done by the conversion factor.

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{conversion}\text{of}\text{inch}\text{to}\text{feet:}\\ \text{12}\text{in}\text{=}\text{1}\text{ft}\\ \text{=}\frac{\text{1}\text{ft}}{\text{12}\text{in}}\\ \text{conversion}\text{of}\text{feet}\text{to}\text{yard:}\\ \text{3}\text{ft}\text{=}\text{1}\text{yd}\\ \text{=}\frac{\text{1}\text{yd}}{\text{3}\text{ft}}\\ \text{conversion}\text{of}\text{yard}\text{to}\text{meter:}\\ \text{1}\text{yd}\text{=}\text{0}\text{.914}\text{m}\\ \text{=}\frac{\text{0}\text{.914}\text{m}}{\text{1}\text{yd}}\\ \text{conversion}\text{of}\text{meter}\text{to}\text{centimeter:}\\ \text{1}\text{cm}\text{=}{\text{10}}^{\text{-2}}\text{m}\\ \text{=}\frac{\text{1}\text{cm}}{{\text{10}}^{\text{-2}}\text{m}}\\ \text{Conversion}\text{factor:}\\ \text{=}\frac{\text{1}\text{ft}}{\text{12}\text{in}}\text{×}\frac{\text{1}\text{yd}}{\text{3}\text{ft}}\text{×}\frac{\text{0}\text{.914}\text{m}}{\text{1}\text{yd}}\text{×}\frac{\text{1}\text{cm}}{{\text{10}}^{\text{-2}}\text{m}}\end{array}$

Explanation of Solution

Given, height of the wood block $\text{8}\text{.0}\text{in}$, width of the wood block $\text{2}\text{.0}\text{in}$ and depth of the wood block $\text{1}\text{.5}\text{in}$.

By using the conversion factor, the units are converted.

Height of the block:

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{=}\text{8}\text{.0}\text{in}\text{×}\frac{\text{1}\text{ft}}{\text{12}\text{in}}\text{×}\frac{\text{1}\text{yd}}{\text{3}\text{ft}}\text{×}\frac{\text{0}\text{.914}\text{m}}{\text{1}\text{yd}}\text{×}\frac{\text{1}\text{cm}}{{\text{10}}^{\text{-2}}\text{m}}\\ \text{=}\text{20}\text{.3}\text{cm}\end{array}$

Width of the block:

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{=}\text{2}\text{.0}\text{in}\text{×}\frac{\text{1}\text{ft}}{\text{12}\text{in}}\text{×}\frac{\text{1}\text{yd}}{\text{3}\text{ft}}\text{×}\frac{\text{0}\text{.914}\text{m}}{\text{1}\text{yd}}\text{×}\frac{\text{1}\text{cm}}{{\text{10}}^{\text{-2}}\text{m}}\\ \text{=}\text{5}\text{.07}\text{cm}\end{array}$

Depth of the block:

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{=}\text{1}\text{.5}\text{in}\text{×}\frac{\text{1}\text{ft}}{\text{12}\text{in}}\text{×}\frac{\text{1}\text{yd}}{\text{3}\text{ft}}\text{×}\frac{\text{0}\text{.914}\text{m}}{\text{1}\text{yd}}\text{×}\frac{\text{1}\text{cm}}{{\text{10}}^{\text{-2}}\text{m}}\\ \text{=}\text{3}\text{.80}\text{cm}\end{array}$

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A block of wood measures $\text{8}\text{.0}\text{in}$ high, $\text{2}\text{.0}\text{in}$ wide and $\text{1}\text{.5}\text{in}$ deep.  The volume of the block of wood has to be calculated in units of cubic centimeters.

Explanation of Solution

Given, height of the wood block $\text{8}\text{.0}\text{in}$, width of the wood block $\text{2}\text{.0}\text{in}$ and depth of the wood block $\text{1}\text{.5}\text{in}$.

The measurements of block in centimeters is given as height of the block is $\text{20}\text{.3}\text{cm}$, width of the block is $\text{5}\text{.07}\text{cm}$ and the depth of the block is $\text{3}\text{.80}\text{cm}$.

The volume of the block of the wood can be calculated by multiplication of height, width and depth.

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{Volume}\text{=}\text{height}\text{×}\text{width}\text{×}\text{depth}\\ \text{=}\text{20}\text{.3}\text{cm}\text{×}\text{5}\text{.07}\text{cm}\text{×}\text{3}\text{.80}\text{cm}\\ \text{=}\text{391}\text{.0}{\text{cm}}^{\text{3}}\end{array}$

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

By using the value obtained for the volume of the block of wood, the mass of the block of wood has to be calculated.  The density of wood is $\text{0}\text{.85}{\text{g/cm}}^{\text{3}}$.

Explanation of Solution

Density is the ratio of mass and volume of a sample.

Given, density as $\text{0}\text{.85}{\text{g/cm}}^{\text{3}}$ and volume is calculated as $\text{391}\text{.0}{\text{cm}}^{\text{3}}$.

The mass of the block of wood is

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{D}\text{=}\frac{\text{M}}{\text{V}}\\ \text{M}\text{=}\text{D}\text{×}\text{V}\\ \text{=}\text{0}\text{.85}{\text{g/cm}}^{\text{3}}\text{×}\text{391}\text{.0}{\text{cm}}^{\text{3}}\\ \text{=}\text{332}\text{.35}\text{g}\end{array}$