Chemistry: Structure and Properties (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134293936
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 29E
Describe the two different notations used to specify isotopes and give an example of each.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Chemistry: Structure and Properties (2nd Edition)
Ch. 1 - Explain this statement in your own words and give...Ch. 1 - Explain the main goal of chemistry.Ch. 1 - What are two different ways to classify matter?Ch. 1 - How do solids, liquids, and gases differ?Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between a pure substance...Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between an element and a...Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between a homogeneous and a...Ch. 1 - Describe the scientific approach to knowledge. How...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9ECh. 1 - What observations did Antoine Lavoisier make? What...
Ch. 1 - What theory did John Dalton formulate?Ch. 1 - What is wrong with the expression, “That is just a...Ch. 1 - Summarize the history of the atomic idea. How was...Ch. 1 - Prob. 14ECh. 1 - State and explain the law of definite proportions.Ch. 1 - State and explain the law of multiple proportions....Ch. 1 - What are the main ideas in Dalton’s atomic theory?...Ch. 1 - How and by whom was the electron discovered? What...Ch. 1 - Explain Millikan’s oil drop experiment and how it...Ch. 1 - Prob. 20ECh. 1 - Describe Rutherford’s gold foil experiment. How...Ch. 1 - Describe Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom....Ch. 1 - If matter is mostly empty space, as suggested by...Ch. 1 - List the three subatomic particles that compose...Ch. 1 - What defines an element?Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between Z (the atomic...Ch. 1 - Where do elements get their names?Ch. 1 - What are isotopes? What is percent natural...Ch. 1 - Describe the two different notations used to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 30ECh. 1 - Prob. 31ECh. 1 - Explain how a mass spectrometer works. What kind...Ch. 1 - What is a mole? How is the mole concept useful in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 34ECh. 1 - Each shape represents a type of particle (such as...Ch. 1 - Using triangles to represent one type of atom and...Ch. 1 - Classify each substance as a pure substance or a...Ch. 1 - Classify each substance as a pure substance or a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 39ECh. 1 - Complete the table. Substance Pure or mixture Type...Ch. 1 - Determine whether each molecular diagram...Ch. 1 - Determine whether each molecular diagram...Ch. 1 - Classify each statement as an observation, a law,...Ch. 1 - Classify each statement as an observation, a law,...Ch. 1 - A chemist decomposes several samples of carbon...Ch. 1 - When astronomers observe distant galaxies, they...Ch. 1 - Prob. 47ECh. 1 - An automobile gasoline tank holds 21 kg of...Ch. 1 - Two samples of carbon tetrachloride are decomposed...Ch. 1 - Two samples of sodium chloride are decomposed into...Ch. 1 - The mass ratio of sodium to fluorine in sodium...Ch. 1 - Upon decomposition, one sample of magnesium...Ch. 1 - Two different compounds containing osmium and...Ch. 1 - Palladium forms three different compounds with...Ch. 1 - Prob. 55ECh. 1 - Sulfur and fluorine form several different...Ch. 1 - Which statements are consistent with Dalton’s...Ch. 1 - Which statements are inconsistent with Dalton’s...Ch. 1 - Which statements are consistent with Rutherford’s...Ch. 1 - Which statements are inconsistent with...Ch. 1 - A chemist in an imaginary universe, where...Ch. 1 - Imagine a unit of charge called the zorg. A...Ch. 1 - Which statements about subatomic particles are...Ch. 1 - Which statements about subatomic particles are...Ch. 1 - Write isotopic symbols in the form XA (e g., C-13)...Ch. 1 - Write isotopic symbols in the form ZAX for each...Ch. 1 - Determine the number of protons and the number of...Ch. 1 - Determine the number of protons and the number of...Ch. 1 - The amount of carbon-14 in ancient artifacts and...Ch. 1 - Uranium-235 is used in nuclear fission. Determine...Ch. 1 - Determine the number of protons and the number of...Ch. 1 - Determine the number of protons and the number of...Ch. 1 - Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes with...Ch. 1 - Magnesium has three naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 1 - The atomic mass of fluorine is 18.998 amu, and its...Ch. 1 - The atomic mass of copper is 63.546 amu. Do any...Ch. 1 - An element has two naturally occurring isotopes....Ch. 1 - An element has four naturally occuring isotopes...Ch. 1 - Bromine has two naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 1 - Silicon has three naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 1 - Use the mass spectrum of europium shown here to...Ch. 1 - Use the mass spectrum of rubidium shown here to...Ch. 1 - How many sulfur atoms are there in 5.52 mol of...Ch. 1 - How many moles of aluminum do 3.71024 aluminum...Ch. 1 - What is the amount, in moles, of each elemental...Ch. 1 - What is the mass, in grams, of each elemental...Ch. 1 - How many silver atoms are there in 3.78 g of...Ch. 1 - What is the mass of 4.91 x 1021 platinum atoms?Ch. 1 - Calculate the number of atoms in each sample. 5.18...Ch. 1 - Calculate the number of atoms in each sample...Ch. 1 - Calculate the mass in grams, of each sample. 1.1 x...Ch. 1 - Calculate the mass, in kg, of each sample. 7.55 x...Ch. 1 - How many carbon atoms are there in a diamond (pure...Ch. 1 - How many helium atoms are there in a helium blimp...Ch. 1 - Calculate the average mass, in grams, of one...Ch. 1 - Using scanning tunneling microscopy, scientists at...Ch. 1 - A 7.83-g sample of HCN contains 0.290 g of H and...Ch. 1 - The ratio of sulfur to oxygen by mass in SO2 is...Ch. 1 - Use the mass spectrum of lead shown here to...Ch. 1 - Use the mass spectrum of mercury shown here to...Ch. 1 - Nuclei with the same number of neutrons but...Ch. 1 - Fill in the blanks to complete the table. Symbol z...Ch. 1 - A penny has a thickness of approximately 1.0 mm....Ch. 1 - Consider the stack of pennies in Problem 103. How...Ch. 1 - A pure copper sphere has a radius of 0.935 in. How...Ch. 1 - A pure titanium cube has an edge length of 2.78...Ch. 1 - A 67.2-g sample of a gold and palladium alloy...Ch. 1 - Common brass is a copper and zinc alloy containing...Ch. 1 - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)...Ch. 1 - Pure gold is usually too soft for jewelry, so it...Ch. 1 - Silver is composed of two naturally occurring...Ch. 1 - To the right is a representation of 50 atoms of a...Ch. 1 - The ratio of oxygen to nitrogen by mass in NO2 is...Ch. 1 - Naturally occurring cobalt consists of only one...Ch. 1 - A 7.36-g sample of copper is contaminated with an...Ch. 1 - The ratio of the mass of O to the mass of N in...Ch. 1 - Naturally occurring magnesium has an atomic mass...Ch. 1 - In Section 1.10 O, it was stated that 1 mol of...Ch. 1 - Use the concepts in this chapter to obtain an...Ch. 1 - A volatile liquid (one that readily evaporates) is...Ch. 1 - The diagram to the right represents solid carbon...Ch. 1 - Use triangles to represent atoms of element A and...Ch. 1 - Identify each statement as being most like an...Ch. 1 - The mole is defined as the amount of a substance...Ch. 1 - Prob. 125ECh. 1 - Using white and black circles to represent...Ch. 1 - In a naturally occurring sample, 19.8% of boron...Ch. 1 - In complete sentences, describe the similarities...Ch. 1 - Calculate the mass in grams of one mole of each of...Ch. 1 - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S....Ch. 1 - This image represents a particulate view of a...Ch. 1 - A chemist mixes sodium with water and witnesses a...Ch. 1 - Two samples of a compound containing elements A...Ch. 1 - A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen has...Ch. 1 - Which concept was demostrated by Rutherford’s gold...Ch. 1 - A student re-creates Millikan’s oil drop...Ch. 1 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 1 - An isotope of an element contains 82 protons and...Ch. 1 - How many electrons are in the Cr3+ ion? 24...Ch. 1 - A naturally occurring sample of an element...Ch. 1 - Copper has an atomic mass of 63.55 amu and two...Ch. 1 - Which sample contains the greatest number of...Ch. 1 - A solid copper cube contains 4.31023 atoms. What...Ch. 1 - Determine the number of atoms in 1.85 mL of...Ch. 1 - A 20.0-g sample of an element contains 4.951023...
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- 2.11 Define the term isotope.arrow_forwardTwo compounds of iron and chlorine, A and B, contain 1.270 g and 1.904 g of chlorine, respectively, for each gram of iron. Show that these amounts are in the ratio 2 : 3. Is this consistent with the law of multiple proportions? Explain.arrow_forwardCobalt has three radioactive isotopes used in medical studies. Atoms of these isotopes have 30, 31, and 33 neutrons, respectively. Give the complete symbol for each of these isotopes.arrow_forward
- 2.90 Naturally occurring europium has an average atomic weight of 151.964 amu. If the only isotopes of europium present are 151Eu and 153Eu, describe how you would determine the relative abundance of the two isotopes. Include in your description any information that would need to be looked up.arrow_forwardGive the complete symbol(ZAX), including atomic number and mass number, for each of the following atoms: (a) magnesium with 15 neutrons, (b) titanium with 26 neutrons, and (c) zinc with 32 neutrons.arrow_forwardThe following isotopes have applications in medicine. Write their symbols in the form XZA. a. cobalt-60 b. phosphorus-32 c. iodine-131 d. sulfur-35arrow_forward
- Give the complete symbol (XZA), including atomic number and mass number, of (a) a nickel atom with 31 neutrons, and (b) a tungsten atom with 110 neutrons.arrow_forwardThough the common isotope of aluminum has a mass number of 27, isotopes of aluminum have been isolated (or prepared in nuclear reactors) with mass numbers of 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, and 30. How many neutrons are present in each of these isotopes? Why are they all considered aluminum atoms, even though they differ greatly in mass? Write the atomic symbol for each isotope.arrow_forwardTwo elements, R and Q, combine to form two binary compounds. In the first compound, 14.0 g of R combines with 3.00 g of Q. In the second compound, 7.00 g of R combines with 4.50 g of Q. Show that these data are in accord with the law of multiple proportions. If the formula of the second compound is RQ, what is the formula of the first compound?arrow_forward
- Give the complete symbol(ZAX), including atomic number and mass number, of (a) a nickel atom with 31 neutrons, (b) a plutonium atom with 150 neutrons, and (c) a tungsten atom with 110 neutrons.arrow_forwardThe following table gives the number of protons and neutrons in the nuclei of various atoms. Which atom is the isotope of atom A? Which atom has the same mass number as atom A? Protons Neutrons Atom A 32 39 Atom B 33 38 Atom C 38 50 Atom D 32 38arrow_forwardObtain the fractional abundances for the two naturally occurring isotopes of europium. The masses of the isotopes are 151Eu, 150.9196 amu; 153Eu, 152.9209 amu. The atomic weight is 151.9641 amu.arrow_forward
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