FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 2818440070945
Author: Martini
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Chapter 1, Problem 28RQ
Describe the anatomical position.
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9. Aerobic respiration of one lipid molecule. The lipid is composed of one glycerol molecule connected to two
fatty acid tails. One fatty acid is 12 carbons long and the other fatty acid is 18 carbons long in the figure
below. Use the information below to determine how much ATP will be produced from the glycerol part of
the lipid. Then, in part B, determine how much ATP is produced from the 2 fatty acids of the lipid. Finally
put the NADH and ATP yields together from the glycerol and fatty acids (part A and B) to determine your
total number of ATP produced per lipid. Assume no other carbon source is available.
18 carbons
fatty acids
12 carbons
9
glycerol
A. Glycerol is broken down to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, a glycolysis intermediate via the following
pathway shown in the figure below. Notice this process costs one ATP but generates one FADH2. Continue
generating ATP with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate using the standard pathway and aerobic respiration.
glycerol
glycerol-3-
phosphate…
Normal dive (for diving humans)
normal
breathing
dive
normal
breathing
Oz level
CO2 level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
high CO2 triggers breathing
6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in
diving humans.
How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
Chapter 1 Solutions
FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 1 - Describe a learning outcome.Ch. 1 - Explain how to use your textbook most effectively...Ch. 1 - Define anatomy.Ch. 1 - Define physiology.Ch. 1 - Describe how anatomy and physiology are closely...Ch. 1 - What is the difference between gross anatomy and...Ch. 1 - Identify several specialties of physiology.Ch. 1 - Why is it difficult to separate anatomy from...Ch. 1 - Identify the major levels of organization of the...Ch. 1 - Identify the organ systems of the body and cite...
Ch. 1 - At which level of organization does a histologist...Ch. 1 - Prob. 12CPCh. 1 - Define eponym.Ch. 1 - Name the book that serves as the international...Ch. 1 - What is the purpose of anatomical terms?Ch. 1 - For a body in the anatomical position, describe an...Ch. 1 - Name two essential functions of the body cavities...Ch. 1 - Describe the various body cavities of the trunk.Ch. 1 - Define homeostasis.Ch. 1 - Which general mechanism of homeostatic regulation...Ch. 1 - Why is homeostatic regulation important to an...Ch. 1 - Prob. 22CPCh. 1 - What happens to the body when homeostasis breaks...Ch. 1 - Prob. 24CPCh. 1 - Prob. 25CPCh. 1 - Define equilibrium.Ch. 1 - When the body continuously adapts by using...Ch. 1 - LEVEL 1 Reviewing Facts and Terms 1. Label the...Ch. 1 - 2. cytology (a) study of tissues 3. physiology (b)...Ch. 1 - 2. cytology (a) study of tissues 3. physiology (b)...Ch. 1 - 2. cytology (a) study of tissues 3. physiology (b)...Ch. 1 - 2. cytology (a) study of tissues 3. physiology (b)...Ch. 1 - 2. cytology (a) study of tissues 3. physiology (b)...Ch. 1 - 2. cytology (a) study of tissues 3. physiology (b)...Ch. 1 - 2. cytology (a) study of tissues 3. physiology (b)...Ch. 1 - 2. cytology (a) study of tissues 3. physiology (b)...Ch. 1 - 2. cytology (a) study of tissues 3. physiology (b)...Ch. 1 - 2. cytology (a) study of tissues 3. physiology (b)...Ch. 1 - 2. cytology (a) study of tissues 3. physiology (b)...Ch. 1 - 2. cytology (a) study of tissues 3. physiology (b)...Ch. 1 - 2. cytology (a) study of tissues 3. physiology (b)...Ch. 1 - 2. cytology (a) study of tissues 3. physiology (b)...Ch. 1 - 2. cytology (a) study of tissues 3. physiology (b)...Ch. 1 - Prob. 17RQCh. 1 - The study of the structure of tissues is called...Ch. 1 - The increasingly forceful labor contractions...Ch. 1 - Prob. 20RQCh. 1 - A plane through the body that passes perpendicular...Ch. 1 - Prob. 22RQCh. 1 - Prob. 23RQCh. 1 - A learning outcome is best described as (a) a goal...Ch. 1 - (a) Define anatomy. (b) Define physiology.Ch. 1 - The two major body cavities of the trunk are the...Ch. 1 - What distinguishes autoregulation from extrinsic...Ch. 1 - Describe the anatomical position.Ch. 1 - Which sectional plane could divide the body so...Ch. 1 - Prob. 30RQCh. 1 - Prob. 31RQCh. 1 - Prob. 32RQCh. 1 - Besides the liver and most of the large intestine,...Ch. 1 - If the deep knife wound had been superior to the...
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- Normal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO₂ level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO₂ triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. • How might the location and slope of the O2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?arrow_forwardHow much ATP will be produced during the following metabolic scenario: Aerobic respiration of a 5mM lipid solution that is made up of one glycerol and an 8-carbon fatty acid and 12-carbon fatty acid. Recall that when glycerol breaks down to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate it costs one ATP but your get an extra FADH2. Every two carbons of a fatty acid break down to one acetyl-CoA. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in mM of ATP.arrow_forwardIf a bacterium using aerobic respiration was to degrade one small protein molecule into 8 molecules of pyruvic acid, how many ATP would that cell make? Assume there is no other carbon source. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in molecules of ATP.arrow_forward
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