(a) Interpretation: The solubility of malic acid in water needs to be explained. Concept Introduction: Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group . These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule. Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1Q

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The solubility of malic acid in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Malic acid is soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

A polar covalent molecule will be soluble in water whereas a non-polar covalent compound will be insoluble in water based on the concept of "Like dissolves like". Some of the polar compounds are also not soluble in water as they cannot form hydrogen bonding with water molecules.

The structure of malic acid is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 1

Malic acid is a polar molecule due to the presence of two -COOH group in the molecule. Hence, it is soluble in water as it can form Hydrogen-bond with water molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The solubility of naphthalene in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Naphthalene is insoluble water.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of naphthalene is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 2

Naphthalene is a non-polar molecule as it is only composed C and H with two ring structures. Hence it is insoluble in water as it cannot form Hydrogen-bond with water molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The solubility of amphetamine in ethyl alcohol needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Amphetamine is soluble in ethyl alcohol.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of amphetamine is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 3

Amphetamine is a polar molecule as it contains one −NH₂group and it can form hydrogen bond with water and ethanol. Hence, it is soluble in ethanol.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The solubility of Aspirin in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Aspirin is slightly soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of aspirin is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 5

Aspirin is slightly soluble in water. Aspirin is a polar molecule as it contains one −COOHgroup and it can form hydrogen bond with water,yet the solubility is quite less due to bulky size of molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The solubility of succinic in hexane needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Succinic acid is insoluble in hexane.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of succinic acid is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 6

Succinic acid is a polar molecule as it contains two −COOHgroups. Due to polar nature of molecule, it is soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents like hexane.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The solubility of ibuprofen in diethyl ether needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Ibuprofen is soluble in diethyl ether.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of ibuprofen is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 7

Although ibuprofen contains one polar −COOH group yet due to bulky structure, it is overall non-polar molecule and can dissolve in organic solvents such as ether, benzene etc.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The solubility of 1-decanol in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

1-decanol is insoluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of 1-decanol is as follows:

CH3( CH2)8CH2OH

1-decanol is a polar compound with −OH group yet it is insoluble in water due to lack of hydrogen bonds between 1-decanol and water molecules. This is because of long hydrophobic C chain of 1-decanol molecule that prevents the formation of hydrogen bonding.

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Answer and try to give an explanation please.

For each of the following pairs of solutes and solvent, predict whether the solute would be d. Aspirin in water soluble or insoluble. After making your predictions, you can check your answers by looking up the compounds in The Merck Index or the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Gen- erally, The Merck Index is the easier reference book to use. If the substance has a solubility greater than 40 mg/mL, you may conclude that it is soluble. a. Malic acid in water С—ОН 0-C- -CH3 Aspirin НО—С CHCH2- С—ОН e. Succinic acid in hexane (Note: The polarity of hexane is similar to that of petroleum ether.) ОН Ma ic acid b. Naphthalene in water || НО-С—СH2CH2—С—ОН 6 cinic acid f. Ibuprofen in diethyl ether Naphthalene CH3 CH3 0 c. Amphetamine in ethyl alcohol CH3CHCH2 · CH—CОН NH2 Ibupr6 en -CH,CHCH3 g. 1-Decanol (n-decyl alcohol) in water Amphetamine CH,(CH,),CH,OH D еcab

Predicting the products of dissolution.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1Q

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The solubility of malic acid in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Malic acid is soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

A polar covalent molecule will be soluble in water whereas a non-polar covalent compound will be insoluble in water based on the concept of "Like dissolves like". Some of the polar compounds are also not soluble in water as they cannot form hydrogen bonding with water molecules.

The structure of malic acid is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 1

Malic acid is a polar molecule due to the presence of two -COOH group in the molecule. Hence, it is soluble in water as it can form Hydrogen-bond with water molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The solubility of naphthalene in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Naphthalene is insoluble water.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of naphthalene is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 2

Naphthalene is a non-polar molecule as it is only composed C and H with two ring structures. Hence it is insoluble in water as it cannot form Hydrogen-bond with water molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The solubility of amphetamine in ethyl alcohol needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Amphetamine is soluble in ethyl alcohol.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of amphetamine is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 3

Amphetamine is a polar molecule as it contains one −NH₂group and it can form hydrogen bond with water and ethanol. Hence, it is soluble in ethanol.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The solubility of Aspirin in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Aspirin is slightly soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of aspirin is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 5

Aspirin is slightly soluble in water. Aspirin is a polar molecule as it contains one −COOHgroup and it can form hydrogen bond with water,yet the solubility is quite less due to bulky size of molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The solubility of succinic in hexane needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Succinic acid is insoluble in hexane.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of succinic acid is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 6

Succinic acid is a polar molecule as it contains two −COOHgroups. Due to polar nature of molecule, it is soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents like hexane.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The solubility of ibuprofen in diethyl ether needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Ibuprofen is soluble in diethyl ether.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of ibuprofen is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 7

Although ibuprofen contains one polar −COOH group yet due to bulky structure, it is overall non-polar molecule and can dissolve in organic solvents such as ether, benzene etc.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The solubility of 1-decanol in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

1-decanol is insoluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of 1-decanol is as follows:

CH3( CH2)8CH2OH

1-decanol is a polar compound with −OH group yet it is insoluble in water due to lack of hydrogen bonds between 1-decanol and water molecules. This is because of long hydrophobic C chain of 1-decanol molecule that prevents the formation of hydrogen bonding.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1Q

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The solubility of malic acid in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Malic acid is soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

A polar covalent molecule will be soluble in water whereas a non-polar covalent compound will be insoluble in water based on the concept of "Like dissolves like". Some of the polar compounds are also not soluble in water as they cannot form hydrogen bonding with water molecules.

The structure of malic acid is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 1

Malic acid is a polar molecule due to the presence of two -COOH group in the molecule. Hence, it is soluble in water as it can form Hydrogen-bond with water molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The solubility of naphthalene in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Naphthalene is insoluble water.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of naphthalene is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 2

Naphthalene is a non-polar molecule as it is only composed C and H with two ring structures. Hence it is insoluble in water as it cannot form Hydrogen-bond with water molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The solubility of amphetamine in ethyl alcohol needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Amphetamine is soluble in ethyl alcohol.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of amphetamine is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 3

Amphetamine is a polar molecule as it contains one −NH₂group and it can form hydrogen bond with water and ethanol. Hence, it is soluble in ethanol.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The solubility of Aspirin in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Aspirin is slightly soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of aspirin is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 5

Aspirin is slightly soluble in water. Aspirin is a polar molecule as it contains one −COOHgroup and it can form hydrogen bond with water,yet the solubility is quite less due to bulky size of molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The solubility of succinic in hexane needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Succinic acid is insoluble in hexane.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of succinic acid is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 6

Succinic acid is a polar molecule as it contains two −COOHgroups. Due to polar nature of molecule, it is soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents like hexane.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The solubility of ibuprofen in diethyl ether needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Ibuprofen is soluble in diethyl ether.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of ibuprofen is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 7

Although ibuprofen contains one polar −COOH group yet due to bulky structure, it is overall non-polar molecule and can dissolve in organic solvents such as ether, benzene etc.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The solubility of 1-decanol in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

1-decanol is insoluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of 1-decanol is as follows:

CH3( CH2)8CH2OH

1-decanol is a polar compound with −OH group yet it is insoluble in water due to lack of hydrogen bonds between 1-decanol and water molecules. This is because of long hydrophobic C chain of 1-decanol molecule that prevents the formation of hydrogen bonding.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1Q

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The solubility of malic acid in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Malic acid is soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

A polar covalent molecule will be soluble in water whereas a non-polar covalent compound will be insoluble in water based on the concept of "Like dissolves like". Some of the polar compounds are also not soluble in water as they cannot form hydrogen bonding with water molecules.

The structure of malic acid is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 1

Malic acid is a polar molecule due to the presence of two -COOH group in the molecule. Hence, it is soluble in water as it can form Hydrogen-bond with water molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The solubility of naphthalene in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Naphthalene is insoluble water.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of naphthalene is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 2

Naphthalene is a non-polar molecule as it is only composed C and H with two ring structures. Hence it is insoluble in water as it cannot form Hydrogen-bond with water molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The solubility of amphetamine in ethyl alcohol needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Amphetamine is soluble in ethyl alcohol.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of amphetamine is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 3

Amphetamine is a polar molecule as it contains one −NH₂group and it can form hydrogen bond with water and ethanol. Hence, it is soluble in ethanol.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The solubility of Aspirin in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Aspirin is slightly soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of aspirin is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 5

Aspirin is slightly soluble in water. Aspirin is a polar molecule as it contains one −COOHgroup and it can form hydrogen bond with water,yet the solubility is quite less due to bulky size of molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The solubility of succinic in hexane needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Succinic acid is insoluble in hexane.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of succinic acid is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 6

Succinic acid is a polar molecule as it contains two −COOHgroups. Due to polar nature of molecule, it is soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents like hexane.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The solubility of ibuprofen in diethyl ether needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Ibuprofen is soluble in diethyl ether.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of ibuprofen is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 7

Although ibuprofen contains one polar −COOH group yet due to bulky structure, it is overall non-polar molecule and can dissolve in organic solvents such as ether, benzene etc.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The solubility of 1-decanol in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

1-decanol is insoluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of 1-decanol is as follows:

CH3( CH2)8CH2OH

1-decanol is a polar compound with −OH group yet it is insoluble in water due to lack of hydrogen bonds between 1-decanol and water molecules. This is because of long hydrophobic C chain of 1-decanol molecule that prevents the formation of hydrogen bonding.

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Answer 5

Chapter 1, Problem 1Q

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The solubility of malic acid in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Malic acid is soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

A polar covalent molecule will be soluble in water whereas a non-polar covalent compound will be insoluble in water based on the concept of "Like dissolves like". Some of the polar compounds are also not soluble in water as they cannot form hydrogen bonding with water molecules.

The structure of malic acid is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 1

Malic acid is a polar molecule due to the presence of two -COOH group in the molecule. Hence, it is soluble in water as it can form Hydrogen-bond with water molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The solubility of naphthalene in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Naphthalene is insoluble water.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of naphthalene is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 2

Naphthalene is a non-polar molecule as it is only composed C and H with two ring structures. Hence it is insoluble in water as it cannot form Hydrogen-bond with water molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The solubility of amphetamine in ethyl alcohol needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Amphetamine is soluble in ethyl alcohol.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of amphetamine is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 3

Amphetamine is a polar molecule as it contains one −NH₂group and it can form hydrogen bond with water and ethanol. Hence, it is soluble in ethanol.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The solubility of Aspirin in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Aspirin is slightly soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of aspirin is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 5

Aspirin is slightly soluble in water. Aspirin is a polar molecule as it contains one −COOHgroup and it can form hydrogen bond with water,yet the solubility is quite less due to bulky size of molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The solubility of succinic in hexane needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Succinic acid is insoluble in hexane.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of succinic acid is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 6

Succinic acid is a polar molecule as it contains two −COOHgroups. Due to polar nature of molecule, it is soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents like hexane.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The solubility of ibuprofen in diethyl ether needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Ibuprofen is soluble in diethyl ether.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of ibuprofen is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 7

Although ibuprofen contains one polar −COOH group yet due to bulky structure, it is overall non-polar molecule and can dissolve in organic solvents such as ether, benzene etc.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The solubility of 1-decanol in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

1-decanol is insoluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of 1-decanol is as follows:

CH3( CH2)8CH2OH

1-decanol is a polar compound with −OH group yet it is insoluble in water due to lack of hydrogen bonds between 1-decanol and water molecules. This is because of long hydrophobic C chain of 1-decanol molecule that prevents the formation of hydrogen bonding.

Answer 6

Chapter 1, Problem 1Q

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The solubility of malic acid in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Malic acid is soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

A polar covalent molecule will be soluble in water whereas a non-polar covalent compound will be insoluble in water based on the concept of "Like dissolves like". Some of the polar compounds are also not soluble in water as they cannot form hydrogen bonding with water molecules.

The structure of malic acid is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 1

Malic acid is a polar molecule due to the presence of two -COOH group in the molecule. Hence, it is soluble in water as it can form Hydrogen-bond with water molecule.

Answer 7

Chapter 1, Problem 1Q

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The solubility of malic acid in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Malic acid is soluble in water.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

A polar covalent molecule will be soluble in water whereas a non-polar covalent compound will be insoluble in water based on the concept of "Like dissolves like". Some of the polar compounds are also not soluble in water as they cannot form hydrogen bonding with water molecules.

The structure of malic acid is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 1

Malic acid is a polar molecule due to the presence of two -COOH group in the molecule. Hence, it is soluble in water as it can form Hydrogen-bond with water molecule.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The solubility of naphthalene in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Naphthalene is insoluble water.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of naphthalene is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 2

Naphthalene is a non-polar molecule as it is only composed C and H with two ring structures. Hence it is insoluble in water as it cannot form Hydrogen-bond with water molecule.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The solubility of naphthalene in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Naphthalene is insoluble water.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

The structure of naphthalene is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 2

Naphthalene is a non-polar molecule as it is only composed C and H with two ring structures. Hence it is insoluble in water as it cannot form Hydrogen-bond with water molecule.

Answer 20

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The solubility of amphetamine in ethyl alcohol needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Amphetamine is soluble in ethyl alcohol.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of amphetamine is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 3

Amphetamine is a polar molecule as it contains one −NH₂group and it can form hydrogen bond with water and ethanol. Hence, it is soluble in ethanol.

Answer 21

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The solubility of amphetamine in ethyl alcohol needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates hetero atom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Amphetamine is soluble in ethyl alcohol.

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Explanation of Solution

The structure of amphetamine is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 3

Amphetamine is a polar molecule as it contains one −NH₂group and it can form hydrogen bond with water and ethanol. Hence, it is soluble in ethanol.

Answer 27

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The solubility of Aspirin in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Aspirin is slightly soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of aspirin is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 5

Aspirin is slightly soluble in water. Aspirin is a polar molecule as it contains one −COOHgroup and it can form hydrogen bond with water,yet the solubility is quite less due to bulky size of molecule.

Answer 28

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The solubility of Aspirin in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Aspirin is slightly soluble in water.

Answer 30

Expert Solution

Answer 31

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Explanation of Solution

The structure of aspirin is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 5

Aspirin is slightly soluble in water. Aspirin is a polar molecule as it contains one −COOHgroup and it can form hydrogen bond with water,yet the solubility is quite less due to bulky size of molecule.

Answer 34

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The solubility of succinic in hexane needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Succinic acid is insoluble in hexane.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of succinic acid is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 6

Succinic acid is a polar molecule as it contains two −COOHgroups. Due to polar nature of molecule, it is soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents like hexane.

Answer 35

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The solubility of succinic in hexane needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Answer 36

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Succinic acid is insoluble in hexane.

Answer 37

Expert Solution

Answer 38

Expert Solution

Answer 39

Expert Solution

Answer 40

Explanation of Solution

The structure of succinic acid is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 6

Succinic acid is a polar molecule as it contains two −COOHgroups. Due to polar nature of molecule, it is soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents like hexane.

Answer 41

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The solubility of ibuprofen in diethyl ether needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Ibuprofen is soluble in diethyl ether.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of ibuprofen is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 7

Although ibuprofen contains one polar −COOH group yet due to bulky structure, it is overall non-polar molecule and can dissolve in organic solvents such as ether, benzene etc.

Answer 42

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The solubility of ibuprofen in diethyl ether needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Answer 43

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

Ibuprofen is soluble in diethyl ether.

Answer 44

Expert Solution

Answer 45

Expert Solution

Answer 46

Expert Solution

Answer 47

Explanation of Solution

The structure of ibuprofen is as follows:

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L, Chapter 1, Problem 1Q , additional homework tip 7

Although ibuprofen contains one polar −COOH group yet due to bulky structure, it is overall non-polar molecule and can dissolve in organic solvents such as ether, benzene etc.

Answer 48

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The solubility of 1-decanol in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

1-decanol is insoluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of 1-decanol is as follows:

CH3( CH2)8CH2OH

1-decanol is a polar compound with −OH group yet it is insoluble in water due to lack of hydrogen bonds between 1-decanol and water molecules. This is because of long hydrophobic C chain of 1-decanol molecule that prevents the formation of hydrogen bonding.

Answer 49

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The solubility of 1-decanol in water needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are mainly composed of C and H atoms. It is the branch of chemistry that deals with preparation, reactions, and properties of organic compounds. The atom or group of atoms which are responsible for all special chemical and physical properties of a substance is called as a functional group. These groups are bonded to the parent carbon chain of the organic molecule.

Organic compounds are mainly covalent compounds in which C-C, C-H and C-X bonds are present. Here 'X' indicates heteroatom which is present in functional group. The C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar covalent bonds as the difference between the electronegativity of C and H is very less. On the contrary the polarity of C-X bond depends on the electronegativity of X. If X is O, N or halogen, the C-X bond will be a polar covalent bond that makes the polar organic molecule.

Answer 50

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1Q

1-decanol is insoluble in water.

Answer 51

Expert Solution

Answer 52

Expert Solution

Answer 53

Expert Solution

Answer 54

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of 1-decanol is as follows:

CH3( CH2)8CH2OH

1-decanol is a polar compound with −OH group yet it is insoluble in water due to lack of hydrogen bonds between 1-decanol and water molecules. This is because of long hydrophobic C chain of 1-decanol molecule that prevents the formation of hydrogen bonding.