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Macroeconomics
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781319098759
Author: Paul Krugman, Robin Wells
Publisher: Worth Publishers
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Question
Chapter 1, Problem 1P
To determine
The principles used in the given case.
Concept Introduction:
Principles of Individual Choice:
- “Choice is necessary because resources are scarce”- Resources are always scarce in respect to its use, a single resource can be put to various alternative uses. Therefore, one has to choose between the various uses.
- “The true cost of something is its
opportunity cost ”- The value of any commodity is derived from the forgone cost to get that particular commodity. - “How much is the decision at the margin”- The choice of having something depends on the benefits one receive from that choice.
- “People usually exploit opportunities to make them better off”- People are always fond of alternative incentive, which can make them in better situation as compared to the previous situation.
- “
Gains from trade ”- Individual always gain from trade by selling the product in which they are specialized and purchasing the product in which they are comparatively less specialized. - “Market moves towards equilibrium”- Market always tries to settle down at a point where no individual is comparatively better off in changing his choice.
- “Resources should be used efficiently to achieve society’s goals”- Resources should be used in such a way that will not make any better off by making the other individual worse off.
- “Markets usually lead to efficiency”- People always look for the opportunity, which can make them better off without making any other person worse off, this leads to
efficiency in the market. - “When markets don’t achieve efficiency, government intervention can improve society’s welfare”- Government intervention is required when the market do not correct itself.
- “One person’s spending is another person’s income”- The economy will always go on because a person earns only when the other person spends.
- “Overall spending sometimes gets out of line with the economy’s productive capacity”- The economy can face inflation at the time when spending of whole economy raises all together.
- “Government policies can change spending”- Various fiscal and
monetary policies of government are used to correct the situation of the economy and adjust the spending.
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