The Physical Universe
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780073513928
Author: Konrad Krauskopf, Arthur Beiser
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 17MC
Tides are caused
- a. only by the sun
- b. only by the moon
- c. by both the sun and the moon
- d. sometimes by the sun and sometimes by the moon
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Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
T
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
■ Review | Constants
A cylinder with a movable piston contains 3.75 mol
of N2 gas (assumed to behave like an ideal gas).
Part A
The N2 is heated at constant volume until 1553 J of heat have been added. Calculate the change in
temperature.
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Part B
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Suppose the same amount of heat is added to the N2, but this time the gas is allowed to expand while
remaining at constant pressure. Calculate the temperature change.
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4. I've assembled the following assortment of point charges (-4 μC, +6 μC, and +3 μC)
into a rectangle, bringing them together from an initial situation where they were all
an infinite distance away from each other. Find the electric potential at point "A"
(marked by the X) and tell me how much work it would require to bring a +10.0 μC
charge to point A if it started an infinite distance away (assume that the other three
charges remains fixed).
300 mm
-4 UC
"A"
0.400 mm
+6 UC
+3 UC
5. It's Friday night, and you've got big party plans. What will you do? Why, make a
capacitor, of course! You use aluminum foil as the plates, and since a standard roll of
aluminum foil is 30.5 cm wide you make the plates of your capacitor each 30.5 cm by
30.5 cm. You separate the plates with regular paper, which has a thickness of 0.125
mm and a dielectric constant of 3.7. What is the capacitance of your capacitor? If
you connect it to a 12 V battery, how much charge is stored on either plate?
=
Chapter 1 Solutions
The Physical Universe
Ch. 1 - The scientific method is a. continuing process b....Ch. 1 - A scientific law or theory is valid a. forever b....Ch. 1 - A hypothesis is a. a new scientific idea b. a...Ch. 1 - The ongoing evolution of living things a. is one...Ch. 1 - The object in the sky that apparently moves least...Ch. 1 - A constellation is a. an especially bright star b....Ch. 1 - Which of the following is no longer considered...Ch. 1 - A planet not visible to the naked eye is a. Mars...Ch. 1 - The planet closest to the sun is a. earth b. Venus...Ch. 1 - Prob. 10MC
Ch. 1 - Kepler modified the copernican system by showing...Ch. 1 - The speed of a planet in its orbit around the sun...Ch. 1 - According to Keplers third law, the time needed...Ch. 1 - The law of gravity a. applies only to large bodies...Ch. 1 - The earth bulges slightly at the equator and is...Ch. 1 - The usual tidal pattern in most parts of the world...Ch. 1 - Tides are caused a. only by the sun b. only by the...Ch. 1 - High tide occurs at a given place a. only when the...Ch. 1 - The prefix micro stands for a. 1/10 b. 1/100 c....Ch. 1 - A centimeter is a. 0.001 m b. 0.01 m c. 0.1 m d....Ch. 1 - Of the following, the shortest is a. 1 mm b. 0.01...Ch. 1 - Of the following, the longest is a. 1000 ft b. 500...Ch. 1 - A person is 180 cm tall. This is equivalent to a....Ch. 1 - The measurements of a room are given as length =...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1ECh. 1 - Prob. 2ECh. 1 - What is the difference between a hypothesis and a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4ECh. 1 - According to the physicist Richard Feynman,...Ch. 1 - What does a year correspond to in terms of...Ch. 1 - You are lost in the northern hemisphere in the...Ch. 1 - In terms of what you would actually observe, what...Ch. 1 - What must be your location if the stars move...Ch. 1 - How do leap years fit into the ptolemaic system?...Ch. 1 - From observations of the moon, why would you...Ch. 1 - The sun, moon, and planets all follow...Ch. 1 - What is the basic difference between the ptolemaic...Ch. 1 - Ancient astronomers were troubled by variations in...Ch. 1 - Compare the ptolemaic and copernican explanations...Ch. 1 - What do you think is the reason scientists use an...Ch. 1 - The average distance from the earth to the sun is...Ch. 1 - As the earth revolves around the sun, some stars...Ch. 1 - Why is gravity considered a fundamental force...Ch. 1 - What, if anything, would happen to the shape of...Ch. 1 - What is the difference between spring and neap...Ch. 1 - The length of the day has varied. When did the...Ch. 1 - The earth takes almost exactly 24 h to make a...Ch. 1 - Does the sun or the moon have the greater...Ch. 1 - In the following pairs of length units, which is...Ch. 1 - A European driving from Paris to Brussels finds...Ch. 1 - The worlds tallest tree is a sequoia in California...Ch. 1 - The diameter of an atom is roughly 104 times the...Ch. 1 - How many square feet are there in an area of 1.00...Ch. 1 - A swimming pool is 20.00 m long, 7.00 m wide, and...Ch. 1 - The speedometer of a European car gives its speed...Ch. 1 - A horse galloped a mile in 2 min 35 s. What was...Ch. 1 - How many microphones are there in a megaphone?Ch. 1 - Use the proper number of significant figures to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 35E
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- Learning Goal: To understand the meaning and the basic applications of pV diagrams for an ideal gas. As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are described by the equation pV = nRT, where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas, PV T = constant. One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant, it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas: At least one more parameter would also change. For instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change. To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a graph showing one parameter as a function of the other. Although there are many choices of axes, the most common one is a plot of pressure as a function of volume: a pV diagram. In this problem, you…arrow_forwardA-e pleasearrow_forwardTwo moles of carbon monoxide (CO) start at a pressure of 1.4 atm and a volume of 35 liters. The gas is then compressed adiabatically to 1/3 this volume. Assume that the gas may be treated as ideal. Part A What is the change in the internal energy of the gas? Express your answer using two significant figures. ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ AU = Submit Request Answer Part B Does the internal energy increase or decrease? internal energy increases internal energy decreases Submit Request Answer Part C ? J Does the temperature of the gas increase or decrease during this process? temperature of the gas increases temperature of the gas decreases Submit Request Answerarrow_forward
- Your answer is partially correct. Two small objects, A and B, are fixed in place and separated by 2.98 cm in a vacuum. Object A has a charge of +0.776 μC, and object B has a charge of -0.776 μC. How many electrons must be removed from A and put onto B to make the electrostatic force that acts on each object an attractive force whose magnitude is 12.4 N? e (mea is the es a co le E o ussian Number Tevtheel ed Media ! Units No units → answe Tr2Earrow_forward4 Problem 4) A particle is being pushed up a smooth slot by a rod. At the instant when 0 = rad, the angular speed of the arm is ė = 1 rad/sec, and the angular acceleration is = 2 rad/sec². What is the net force acting on the 1 kg particle at this instant? Express your answer as a vector in cylindrical coordinates. Hint: You can express the radial coordinate as a function of the angle by observing a right triangle. (20 pts) Ꮎ 2 m Figure 3: Particle pushed by rod along vertical path.arrow_forward4 Problem 4) A particle is being pushed up a smooth slot by a rod. At the instant when 0 = rad, the angular speed of the arm is ė = 1 rad/sec, and the angular acceleration is = 2 rad/sec². What is the net force acting on the 1 kg particle at this instant? Express your answer as a vector in cylindrical coordinates. Hint: You can express the radial coordinate as a function of the angle by observing a right triangle. (20 pts) Ꮎ 2 m Figure 3: Particle pushed by rod along vertical path.arrow_forward
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