Chapter 1, Problem 1.5P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The formal charges on each atom of the given structure are to be computed. Also, the charge on the entire structure is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A charge that is assigned to an atom, on the assumption that all the electrons in the chemical bonds are equally shared, is known as the formal charge. The sum of the formal charges on the independent atoms should equal the total charge present on the ion.

The formal charge on an atom is calculated by the formula,

$\text{Formal charge}=\text{Valence electrons}-\left[\text{Nonbonding electrons}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\text{Bonding electrons}\right)\right]$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The formal charges on each atom of the given structure are to be computed. Also, the charge on the entire structure is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A charge that is assigned to an atom, on the assumption that all the electrons in the chemical bonds are equally shared, is known as the formal charge. The sum of the formal charges on the independent atoms should equal the total charge present on the ion.

The formal charge on an atom is calculated by the formula,

$\text{Formal charge}=\text{Valence electrons}-\left[\text{Nonbonding electrons}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\text{Bonding electrons}\right)\right]$