1
Business combination
Business combination refers to a transaction by which a company acquires majority of shares of another company and obtains the control of other company.
To explain:Impact of stock exchanges on business combination transactions (mergers and acquisitions) in 1990s.
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Mergers
Merger is a process in which two existing companies go into liquidation and one new company is formed to manage their operations.
Business combinations
Business combination refers to a transaction by which a company acquires majority of shares of another company and obtains the control of other company.
The factors that impacted the mergers completed in 2000s. Difference between the business combinations of 2000s and 1990s and reason of less mergers in 2008.
3
Corporate mergers
Merger is a process in which two existing companies go into liquidation and one new company is formed to manage their operations.
Whether the decision to offer more tax incentives in mergers is wise or unwise and three different tax incentives.
4
Mergers: Merger is a process in which two existing companies go into liquidation and one new company is formed to manage their operations.
Actions that can promote mergers.
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Advanced Financial Accounting
- Assume that securitization combined with borrowing and irrational exuberance in Hyperville have driven up the value of asset-backed financial securities at a geometric rate, specifically from $4 to $8 to $16 to $32 to $64 to $128 over a six-year time period. Over the same period, the value of the assets underlying the securities rose at an arithmetic rate from $4 to $6 to $8 to $10 to $12 to $14. If these patterns hold for decreases as well as for increases, by how much would the value of the financial securities decline if the value of the underlying asset suddenly and unexpectedly fell by $10? Instructions: Enter your answer as a whole number. %24arrow_forwardDuring the 1990s and 2000s, many firms repurchased stock and borrowed to do so. (i) What is the typical effect of stock repurchases on earnings per share growth and return on common equity? (ii) Predict how a firm that excessively engaged in these practices would have fared in the downturn in 2008?arrow_forwardInitial Public Offering (IPO) - In the chapter we are provided with an example of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China offering shares of their corporation to the public. The biggest pro of a firm based in Mexico taking this route, would be the gain of capital. A con that comes with this is a loss of control of your company. IF you were to lose majority control over your business, this could have potentially catastrophic impacts. The Global Bond Market - "Companies will issue international bonds if they believe it will lower their cost of capital" Foreign bonds - On the pro side of foreign bonds, the firm can raise capital in foreign currencies. This opens up more potential investors to the firm. A con of foreign bonds would be the exposure of foreign exchange risk. Foreign exchange risk can be risky, and if the Mexican peso depreciates significantly on the foreign exchange market, this could potentially crush the Mexican capital market. Eurobonds - Eurobonds are another and…arrow_forward
- Following JPMorgan Chase's significant acquisition of First Republic Bank in 2023, how does the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) explain the market's reaction to major corporate financial decisions, and what implications does this have for a company's approach to capital structure and dividend policy? Consider how information asymmetry between management and investors affects market efficiency, particularly during periods of banking sector stress, and analyze how the market's processing of complex financial information influences both the timing and structure of major corporate actions like acquisitions, stock buybacks, or dividend changes. Examine the relationship between market efficiency and the speed at which new information is incorporated into stock prices, especially in cases involving large financial institutions where systemic risks may be a concern.arrow_forwardGalaxy Corporation is proposing a recapitalization that would increase its debt level and interest cost. The company will sell new bonds and repurchase shares of its common stock with the proceeds. According to the company's CFO, the initiative will not affect net assets or operating profits, but it will raise earnings per share (EPS). Which of the following statements is CORRECT, assuming the CFO's calculations are correct? * Since the proposed plan raises Galaxy's financial risk, the company's stock price can fall even if EPS rises. More bonds will be issued under the plan, increasing their liquidity and, as a result, lowering the interest rate on the bonds that are currently outstanding. Since the plan is expected to raise EPS, net income is also expected to grow. If the strategy succeeds in increasing EPS, the stock price would rise at the same rate. If the plan decreases the WACC, the stock price is likely to fall as well.arrow_forwardConsider the following two merger candidates. The merger is for diversification purposes only with no synergies involved. Risk-free rate is 4%. Market value of assets Company A $700 Face value of zero coupon debt Debt maturity Asset return standard deviation $700 4 years 50% The asset return standard deviation for the combined firm is 20%. How much more value will debtholders collectively receive after the merge(keep two decimal places)?arrow_forward
- Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM) implemented a convergence trading strategy involving corporate bonds and U.S. Treasuries. Expecting the spread between corporate bond yields and Treasury yields to narrow over time, LTCM took large leveraged positions, going long (buying) corporate bonds and short (selling) Treasuries. However, the 1998 Russian debt crisis triggered a flight to quality, causing corporate bond prices to fall and Treasury prices to rise, leading to a divergence of the spreads and massive losses for LTCM's trades. On July 1, 1998, LTCM initiated a convergence trade by going long $100 million notional of Baa-rated 10-year corporate bonds with a yield of 7.5% and coupon rate of 7%, and shorting $100 million notional of 10-year U.S. Treasury bonds with a yield of 5.5% and coupon rate of 5%. a. Explain LTCM's rationale for going long corporate bonds and short Treasuries in their convergence trade. What were the underlying assumptions behind this strategy? b. Calculate…arrow_forwardIt can be argued that Mergers and Acquisitions can constitute the largest capital budgeting project for firms interested in achieving growth. 1) Discuss the types and reasons for Mergers and Acquisitions, and explain the three major steps of the process? 2) What are the main sources of synergies that can be achieved in mergers? Explain and illustrate with possible examples. 3) Outline the valuation methodologies that are normally used in mergers?arrow_forward(Fair Value and Equity Methods) Brooks Corp. is a medium-sized corporation specializing in quarrying stone for building construction. The company has long dominated the market, at one time achieving a 70% market penetration. During prosperous years, the company’s profits, coupled with a conservative dividend policy, resulted in funds available for outside investment. Over the years, Brooks has had a policy of investing idle cash in equity securities. In particular, Brooks has made periodic investments in the company’s principal supplier, Norton Industries. Although the firm currently owns 12% of the outstanding common stock of Norton Industries, Brooks does not have significant influence over the operations of Norton Industries.Cheryl Thomas has recently joined Brooks as assistant controller, and her first assignment is to prepare the 2017 year-end adjusting entries for the accounts that are valued by the “fair value” rule for financial reporting purposes. Thomas has gathered the…arrow_forward
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