COLLEGE PHYSICS
13th Edition
ISBN: 2810014673880
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 1, Problem 10CQ
Identify some advantages of metric units.
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A bobsled starts at the top of a track as human runners sprint from rest and then jump into the sled. Assume they reach 40 km/h from rest after covering a distance of 50 m over flat ice. a. How much work do they do on themselves and the sled which they are pushing given the fact that there are two men of combined mass 185 kg and the sled with a mass of 200 kg? (If you haven't seen bobsledding, watch youtube to understand better what's going on.) b. After this start, the team races down the track and descends vertically by 200 m. At the finish line the sled crosses with a speed of 55 m/s. How much energy was lost to drag and friction along the way down after the men were in the sled?
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Chapter 1 Solutions
COLLEGE PHYSICS
Ch. 1 - Models are particularly useful in relativity and...Ch. 1 - How does a model differ from a theory?Ch. 1 - If two different theories describe experimental...Ch. 1 - What determines the validity of a theory?Ch. 1 - Certain criteria must be satisfied if a...Ch. 1 - Can the validity of a model be limited, or must it...Ch. 1 - Classical physics is a good approximation to...Ch. 1 - When is it necessary to use relativistic quantum...Ch. 1 - Can classical physics be used to accurately...Ch. 1 - Identify some advantages of metric units.
Ch. 1 - What is the relationship between the accuracy and...Ch. 1 - Prescriptions for vision correction are given in...Ch. 1 - The speed limit on some interstate highways is...Ch. 1 - A car is traveling at a speed of 33 m/s. (a) What...Ch. 1 - Show that 1.0m/s=3.6Km/h. Hint: Show the explicit...Ch. 1 - American football is played on a 100-yd-long...Ch. 1 - Soccer fields vary in size. A large soccer field...Ch. 1 - What is the height in meters of a person who is 6...Ch. 1 - Mount Everest, at 29,028 feet, is the tallest...Ch. 1 - The speed of sound is measured to be 342 m/s on a...Ch. 1 - Tectonic plates are large segments of the Earth's...Ch. 1 - (a) Refer to Table 1.3 to determine the average...Ch. 1 - Suppose that your bathroom scale reads your mass...Ch. 1 - A good-quality measuring tape can be off by 0.50...Ch. 1 - (a) A car speedometer has a 5.0% uncertainty. What...Ch. 1 - An infant's pulse rate is measured to be 1305...Ch. 1 - (a) Suppose that a person has an average heart...Ch. 1 - A can contains 375 mL of soda. How much is left...Ch. 1 - State how many significant figures are proper in...Ch. 1 - (a) How many significant figures are in the...Ch. 1 - (a) If your speedometer has an uncertainty of 2.0...Ch. 1 - (a) A person's blood pressure is measured to be...Ch. 1 - A person measures his or her heart rate by...Ch. 1 - What is the area of a circle 3.102 cm in diameter?Ch. 1 - If a marathon runner averages 9.5 mi/h, how long...Ch. 1 - A marathon runner completes a 42.188-km course in...Ch. 1 - The sides of a small rectangular box are measured...Ch. 1 - When non-metric units were used in the United...Ch. 1 - The length and width of a rectangular room are...Ch. 1 - A car engine moves a piston with a circular cross...Ch. 1 - How many heartbeats are there in a lifetime?Ch. 1 - A generation is about one-third of a lifetime....Ch. 1 - How many times longer than the mean life of an...Ch. 1 - Calculate the approximate number of atoms in a...Ch. 1 - Approximately how many atoms thick is a cell...Ch. 1 - (a) What fraction of Earth's diameter is the...Ch. 1 - (a) Calculate the number of cells in a hummingbird...Ch. 1 - Assuming one nerve impulse must end before another...
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- 10. Imagine you have a system in which you have 54 grams of ice. You can melt this ice and then vaporize it all at 0 C. The melting and vaporization are done reversibly into a balloon held at a pressure of 0.250 bar. Here are some facts about water you may wish to know. The density of liquid water at 0 C is 1 g/cm³. The density of ice at 0 C is 0.917 g/cm³. The enthalpy of vaporization of liquid water is 2.496 kJ/gram and the enthalpy of fusion of solid water is 333.55 J/gram.arrow_forwardConsider 1 mole of supercooled water at -10°C. Calculate the entropy change of the water when the supercooled water freezes at -10°C and 1 atm. Useful data: Cp (ice) = 38 J mol-1 K-1 Cp (water) 75J mol −1 K -1 Afus H (0°C) 6026 J mol −1 Assume Cp (ice) and Cp (water) to be independent of temperature.arrow_forwardThe molar enthalpy of vaporization of benzene at its normal boiling point (80.09°C) is 30.72 kJ/mol. Assuming that AvapH and AvapS stay constant at their values at 80.09°C, calculate the value of AvapG at 75.0°C, 80.09°C, and 85.0°C. Hint: Remember that the liquid and vapor phases will be in equilibrium at the normal boiling point.arrow_forward
- 3. The entropy of an ideal gas is S = Nkg In V. Entropy is a state function rather than a path function, and in this problem, you will show an example of the entropy change for an ideal gas being the same when you go between the same two states by two different pathways. A. Express ASV = S2 (V2) - S₁(V1), the change in entropy upon changing the volume from V₁to V2, at fixed particle number N and energy, U. B. Express ASN = S₂(N₂) - S₁ (N₁), the change in entropy upon changing the particle number from N₁ to N2, at fixed volume V and energy U. C. Write an expression for the entropy change, AS, for a two-step process (V₁, N₁) → (V2, N₁) → (V2, N₂) in which the volume changes first at fixed particle number, then the particle number changes at fixed volume. Again, assume energy is constant.arrow_forwardPlease don't use Chatgpt will upvote and give handwritten solutionarrow_forward6. We used the constant volume heat capacity, Cv, when we talked about thermodynamic cycles. It acts as a proportionality constant between energy and temperature: dU = C₁dT. You can also define a heat capacity for constant pressure processes, Cp. You can think of enthalpy playing a similar role to energy, but for constant pressure processes δαρ C = (37) - Sup Ср ат P = ат Starting from the definition of enthalpy, H = U + PV, find the relationship between Cy and Cp for an ideal gas.arrow_forward
- Pure membranes of dipalmitoyl lecithin phospholipids are models of biological membranes. They melt = 41°C. Reversible melting experiments indicate that at Tm AHm=37.7 kJ mol-1. Calculate: A. The entropy of melting, ASm- B. The Gibbs free energy of melting, AGm- C. Does the membrane become more or less ordered upon melting? D. There are 32 rotatable CH2 CH2 bonds in each molecule that can rotate more freely if the membrane melts. What is the increase in multiplicity on melting a mole of bonds?arrow_forward5. Heat capacity often has a temperature dependence for real molecules, particularly if you go over a large temperature range. The heat capacity for liquid n-butane can be fit to the equation Cp(T) = a + bT where a = 100 J K₁₁ mol¹ and b = 0.1067 J K² mol¹ from its freezing point (T = 140 K) to its boiling point (T₁ = 270 K). A. Compute AH for heating butane from 170 K to 270 K. B. Compute AS for the same temperature range.arrow_forward4. How much energy must be transferred as heat to cause the quasi-static isothermal expansion of one mole of an ideal gas at 300 K from PA = 1 bar to PB = 0.5 bar? A. What is VA? B. What is VB? C. What is AU for the process? D. What is AH for the process? E. What is AS for the process?arrow_forward
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