Your commentaries should demonstrate that you have completed the readings, but these are not summary pieces. You must go beyond summary; put the readings into conversation with each other, with the lectures, with things you have learned in other courses, and/or with recent news and world events. Feel free to agree or disagree with the authors, but keep in mind that the authors we are reading are experts in the field and you are relatively new to the field. Therefore, don't make extreme claims that you can't support. You may devote a small portion of your commentaries to include a personal reaction, but do not let your personal reaction overtake the primary goal of these papers, which is to engage more deeply with the readings themselves. You consumed a lot of material in the last last week through lectures, videos and readings, so I'm asking you to take a step back and think about it as a whole, and to reflect on what you have learned. But, not in a personal sense, but rather as someone reviewing the week's material and putting it into context for another person in an intelligent way. The quest for fairness within the structure whether in city planning or global development encounters inherent conflicts. McNamaras 1973 speech in Nairobi delves into the realm of global development and the challenges of redistribution while Franks work "The Development of Underdevelopment" (1966) offers a critical historical view on the economic circumstances of developing nations. In addition Williss piece "Structuralism, Neo Marxism and Socialism" (2005) provides a foundation that highlights the structural disparities perpetuating inequality. McNamaras vision for the World Bank symbolizes the drive to customize development efforts to meet the specific requirements of underdeveloped countries recognizing that one size fits all policies often worsen existing gaps. This echoes Franks concerns, who portrays underdevelopment not as a failing of nations but as a consequence of their exploitation within a capitalist system that favors developed nations. McNamara acknowledging the necessity to boost lending and support for education and agriculture aligns, with Franks call for development paths. Willis offers a structure that sheds light on the underlying dynamics delving into how structuralism and neo Marxism criticize the capitalist systems tendency to foster dependent relationships. In the city setting when it comes to transit subsidies there is a connection to how these subsidies impact societal welfare. According to Parry and Small these subsidies can. Improve or worsen the well being of society depending on how they are utilized. The stories from all three sources share a focus on the idea of dependency. Whether its about developing countries relying on more advanced ones or city dwellers depending on subsidized transportation. There's a shared view that these dependencies if not carefully considered could hinder self reliance and progress. For example like an excessive dependence on transit subsidies can lead to inefficiencies and fail to address fundamental urban planning and environmental issues relying too heavily on aid can limit the economic independence of developing nations. To sum up these readings into ideas one could suggest promoting policies that empower individuals rather than fostering reliance. For instance McNamaras call for increased World Bank assistance in education aims at building capabilities than encouraging dependency. This aligns with Parry and Smalls proposal for tailored subsidies in transit systems, at times and modes of travel. Encouraging efficient use without suppressing demand or artificially increasing costs. To wrap up the essay it's important to take a moment to think about the state of the world economy especially with the challenges posed by the COVID 19 pandemic and climate change. Looking at what McNamara, Willis and Frank have taught us underscores the importance of creating policies that are tailored to specific needs while also addressing global inequalities. These policies should not address past wrongs but also set the stage for a fairer and more sustainable future that takes into account both local communities and the larger global economic landscape.