You suspect a person is suffering from a central diabetes insipidus When untreated and reasonably hydrated, their urine concentration should be After injection of a synthetic ADH/vasopressin urine concentration should, dilute; become concentrated concentrated; remain unchanged concentrated; become dilute

You suspect a person is suffering from a central diabetes insipidus When untreated and reasonably hydrated, their urine concentration should be After injection of a synthetic ADH/vasopressin urine concentration should, dilute; become concentrated concentrated; remain unchanged concentrated; become dilute

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter14: The Urinary System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3SQE

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Fatty tissue holds the kidneys in place. Extremely rapid weight loss may cause this tissue to shrink so that the kidneys slip from their normal position. On rare occasions, the slippage can put a kink in one or both ureters and block urine flow. Suggest what might then happen to the kidneys.
Which of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytes
Which of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowmans capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting duct
Plasma fluid filtered into Bowmans capsule flows directly into the ________. a. renal artery c. distal tubule b. proximal tubule d. loop of Henle
Describe the impact of Vasopressin (aka Antidiuretic hormone, or ADH) on urine concentration. Be able to clearly explain the hormone’s mechanism of action.
A patient suffering from a tumor in the hypothalamus produces excessive amounts of ADH, a condition called syndrome of inappropriateADH (SIADH) production. For this patient, the excessive ADH production is chronic and has persisted for many months. A student nursekeeps a fluid intake-output record on the patient. She is surprised tofind that fluid intake and urinary output are normal. What effect wasshe expecting? Can you explain why urinary output is normal?
Drugs that increase urine flow (diuretic drugs) are oftenemployed in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure)or other disease states. Three physiological categories of suchdrugs are ones that (i) function as loop diuretics, (ii) inhibitthe action of aldosterone, and (iii) block Na+ channels in thecollecting ducts. Explain why each of these categories wouldbe expected to increase Na+ excretion and urine flow. (Hint:Rereading the section on hormones at the end of Chapter 28might prove helpful.)
Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides
Which of the following is a physiologic response of the kidneys to decreased plasma volume? decreased sodium reabsorption O increased antinatriuretic protein secretion dilatation of the afferent renal arterioles increased tubular permeability to water
A person is suspected of having chronic renal failure. To assess kidneyfunction, urea clearance is measured and found to be very low. Explainwhat a very low urea clearance indicates for this patient. Compare that withthe effect of chronic renal failure on the tendency for the blood K+ level tobe higher than normal and the blood Na+ level to be lower than normal.
A patient comes to your medical practice with complaints of low urine output (not peeing). You use inulin to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the following information: Plasma level (P – constant over 24 hours): 10 mg/mL inulin. Urine sample (U): 144 mg inulin/mL urine. Urine formation (V): 10 mL/min. Using the fromula GFR=V ✕ U/P, you calculate a GFR of ... A) 144mL/min.. B) 14400 mL/min. C) 144 min./mL. D) 144 g mannitol/min.
Atrial natriuretic peptide lowers blood pressure by increasing sodium reabsorption decreasing sodium reabsorption increasing sodium secretion