you provide more explanation on impacts of road buliding: explain the points below: 1-Wildlife accidents on road. 2-Deforestation for building roads in forest areas. 3-Disruption of various natural ecology. 4-landslides in hilly areas. try to relate to engineering and safety

you provide more explanation on impacts of road buliding: explain the points below: 1-Wildlife accidents on road. 2-Deforestation for building roads in forest areas. 3-Disruption of various natural ecology. 4-landslides in hilly areas. try to relate to engineering and safety

Traffic and Highway Engineering

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305156241

Author:Garber, Nicholas J.

Publisher:Garber, Nicholas J.

Chapter11: The Transportation Planning Process

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15P

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Question 3. Calculate the risk for each option below. a) A dam shall be constructed to withstand a flood that occurs once every 10,000 years. The dam is expected to have an economic life of 100 years. What is the probability of a flood exceeding the design flood over the life of the dam? b) The intended design life of a bridge is 120 years and it is designed for a flood expected to occur once in 100 years. What is the probability of seeing a flood greater than the expected one in 100 years during the bridge's design life? c) One bridge foot will be built inside the temporary cofferdam. If the cofferdam is designed for a flood that is expected to occur once in 20 years and will remain in the river for two winters, what is the probability of a flood greater than the design flood?
The National Road Safety Commission of Ghana has indicated that the country loses about 1.7% of its Gross Domestic Product every year to road accidents not factoring in the loss of lives. It is not acceptable that anyone should be killed or seriously injured when traveling. Using the Phases of the Disaster management cycle as a framework. 1. Identify the transportation disaster that has occurred in Ghana from January 2019 to June 2021. a. Classify these disasters according to the varied modes of transportation b. Indicate the number of fatalities and injuries
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A secondary road in a developing country, 30 km long is to be improved by surface treating the gravel surface without any change in length. The cost of improvement is estimated at $150,000 per km. Present annual transport costs for all traffic on the existing road (vehicle operating cost plus maintenance cost etc.) is estimated at $200,000 per km. After improvement this is expected to reduce to $170,000 per km per annum. Reconstruction takes place in two years with equal expenditure in each year. Assume that in the second year of construction, transport cost on the improved road is equivalent to present costs on half the length and new transport cost on the other half. Would you undertake the project? (MARR = 8% and the project life is 20 years after reconstruction.) Resealing would be required 10 years after reconstruction at a cost of $55,000 per km. Use the Net Present Value method.
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Discuss the suitable approaches for estimating expected hazard of non-predictable natural disorder?
A dam is being considered to reduce river flooding. But if a dam is built, what height should it be? Increasing the dam’s height will (1) reduce a flood’s probability, (2) reduce the damage when floods occur, and (3) cost more. Which dam height minimizes the expected total annual cost? The state uses an interest rate of 5% for flood protection projects, and all the dams should last 50 years.
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