You have identified 3 different alleles in human populations for part of the ß-interferon gene that can easily be scored using PCR amplification followed by a restriction digest with Xhol: • Allele a1 has a 700-bp PCR product with no Xhol restriction sites. • Allele a2 also has a 700-bp PCR product, but due to a single-nucleotide polymorphism it has an Xhol restriction site 300 bp from one of the priming sites. • Allele a3 has a shorter 600-bp PCR product due to a deletion, and lacks an Xhol restriction site. You load the digested PCR products for three children (1, 2, and 3) along with their parents (M and F), in wells of an agarose gel (rectangles at the top of the diagram below), run the gel, and obtain the following results. The first lane contains a size marker with 100 bp increments; the bottom band is 100 bp long.
Molecular Techniques
Molecular techniques are methods employed in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and biophysics to manipulate and analyze nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)), protein, and lipids. Techniques in molecular biology are employed to investigate the molecular basis for biological activity. These techniques are used to analyze cellular properties, structures, and chemical reactions, with a focus on how certain molecules regulate cellular reactions and growth.
DNA Fingerprinting and Gel Electrophoresis
The genetic makeup of living organisms is shown by a technique known as DNA fingerprinting. The difference is the satellite region of DNA is shown by this process. Alex Jeffreys has invented the process of DNA fingerprinting in 1985. Any biological samples such as blood, hair, saliva, semen can be used for DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting is also known as DNA profiling or molecular fingerprinting.
Molecular Markers
A known DNA sequence or gene sequence is present on a chromosome, and it is associated with a specific trait or character. It is mainly used as a genetic marker of the molecular marker. The first genetic map was done in a fruit fly, using genes as the first marker. In two categories, molecular markers are classified, classical marker and a DNA marker. A molecular marker is also known as a genetic marker.
DNA Sequencing
The most important feature of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules are nucleotide sequences and the identification of genes and their activities. This the reason why scientists have been working to determine the sequences of pieces of DNA covered under the genomic field. The primary objective of the Human Genome Project was to determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human nuclear genome. DNA sequencing selectively eliminates the introns leading to only exome sequencing that allows proteins coding.
5. fill in the blanks please.
Child 1:
Child 2:
Child 3:
Mother (M):
Father (F):
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