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You have a holiday job in the labs of Fonterra and you are asked by your lab manager to measure the specific heat capacity of milk. Your manager provides you with a calorimeter as shown in the picture below and the basic procedure to perform this experiment. This simple calorimeter consists of an insulated wall (made from Styrofoam cups), a glass stirrer and a thermometer. It also incorporates and electrical heater element (not shown in the sketch) that is connected to a battery. You are also given a basic procedure to perform this measurement:

You have a holiday job in the labs of Fonterra and you are asked by your lab manager to measure the specific heat capacity of milk. Your manager provides you with a calorimeter as shown in the picture below and the basic procedure to perform this experiment. This simple calorimeter consists of an insulated wall (made from Styrofoam cups), a glass stirrer and a thermometer. It also incorporates and electrical heater element (not shown in the sketch) that is connected to a battery. You are also given a basic procedure to perform this measurement:

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Q3 Milk's thermal properties You have a holiday job in the labs of Fonterra and you are asked by your lab manager to measure the specific heat capacity of milk. Thermometer Your manager provides you with a calorimeter as shown in the picture below and the basic procedure to perform this experiment. This simple calorimeter consists of an insulated wall (made from Styrofoam cups), a glass stirrer and a thermometer. It also incorporates and electrical heater element (not shown in the sketch) that is connected to a battery. You are also given a basic procedure to perform this measurement: Stirrer - Cover Take 100 g of milk from the freezer at +5 °C and place in the cup. Measure the initial temperature Ti. Place the heater in the cup and seal the lid. Reaction mixture Styrofoam cups Set the heater voltage to 6V and switch on the heater. Measure the current flowing through the heater. You must also start a timer when you switch on the heater. Gently stir the milk inside the calorimeter and wait for the temperature to rise to approximately 35 °C. Record the time to reach this temperature as well as the final temperature Tf. You record all these measurements as follows: Value 101.52 g 5.7 °C Measurement Mass of milk Initial Temperature T¡ Final Temperature Tf 35.8 °C Time from Ti to Tf 15 minutes 25 seconds Heater voltage 12.0 V Heater current 1.2 A (a) Calculate the electrical energy generated by the heater element over the time of the experiment. (b) Assuming the all this energy is absorbed by the milk, calculate the specific heat capacity of milk. (c) Briefly discuss some of the factors in the design of this very simple calorimeter that may lead to poor precision in your measured values for the heat capacity. Would you expect the observed value to be higher or lower than the actual value ? (d) In order to check your observed value, you decide to calibrate your system using deionised water. You follow the same procedure and obtain a value of cwater = 4682 J.kg'K-. How does this value compare to the actual value of water? Explain the cause of differences. (e) Correct your calculated value of cmilk by using the correction factor indicated by the water calibration. (f) If we measure the specific heat capacity of milk we may actually get a range of values. Can you suggest why this would be the case ?
Transcribed Image Text:Q3 Milk's thermal properties You have a holiday job in the labs of Fonterra and you are asked by your lab manager to measure the specific heat capacity of milk. Thermometer Your manager provides you with a calorimeter as shown in the picture below and the basic procedure to perform this experiment. This simple calorimeter consists of an insulated wall (made from Styrofoam cups), a glass stirrer and a thermometer. It also incorporates and electrical heater element (not shown in the sketch) that is connected to a battery. You are also given a basic procedure to perform this measurement: Stirrer - Cover Take 100 g of milk from the freezer at +5 °C and place in the cup. Measure the initial temperature Ti. Place the heater in the cup and seal the lid. Reaction mixture Styrofoam cups Set the heater voltage to 6V and switch on the heater. Measure the current flowing through the heater. You must also start a timer when you switch on the heater. Gently stir the milk inside the calorimeter and wait for the temperature to rise to approximately 35 °C. Record the time to reach this temperature as well as the final temperature Tf. You record all these measurements as follows: Value 101.52 g 5.7 °C Measurement Mass of milk Initial Temperature T¡ Final Temperature Tf 35.8 °C Time from Ti to Tf 15 minutes 25 seconds Heater voltage 12.0 V Heater current 1.2 A (a) Calculate the electrical energy generated by the heater element over the time of the experiment. (b) Assuming the all this energy is absorbed by the milk, calculate the specific heat capacity of milk. (c) Briefly discuss some of the factors in the design of this very simple calorimeter that may lead to poor precision in your measured values for the heat capacity. Would you expect the observed value to be higher or lower than the actual value ? (d) In order to check your observed value, you decide to calibrate your system using deionised water. You follow the same procedure and obtain a value of cwater = 4682 J.kg'K-. How does this value compare to the actual value of water? Explain the cause of differences. (e) Correct your calculated value of cmilk by using the correction factor indicated by the water calibration. (f) If we measure the specific heat capacity of milk we may actually get a range of values. Can you suggest why this would be the case ?
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