You are studying a hypothetical cell; during your observations you note that this cell is failing to successfully transport polypeptides across the ER membrane into the ER lumen. A physiological disfunction such as this would be deterimental to the viability of these cells. Suggest a possible cause for this failed transport and explain your reasoning

You are studying a hypothetical cell; during your observations you note that this cell is failing to successfully transport polypeptides across the ER membrane into the ER lumen. A physiological disfunction such as this would be deterimental to the viability of these cells. Suggest a possible cause for this failed transport and explain your reasoning

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter9: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3ITD

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A hypothetical molecule X+ is important for cell function and is present outside of a cell. List the factors that that will perdominantly influence the ability of molecule X to cross the membrane and enter the cell.
A cell with a K+1 concentration of 0.3 eq/L, and a Na+1 concentration of 0.1 mol/L is placed into a solution with a K+1 concentration of 0.2 eq/L, and a Na+1 concentration of 0.2 mol/L. It is assumed that the K+1 and Na+1 can both pass through the cell membrane (the K+1 and Na+1 transport proteins are open). Answer the following true or false questions. 1. Diffusion of a solute through the membrane is called dialysis 2. K+1 will dialyze (diffuse) out of the cell 3. Na+1 will dialyze (diffuse) into the cell 4. Like the diffusion of gases, diffusion of particles in a liquid is independent of the other solutes
The plasma membrane is an effective barrier to molecular movement across it, yet many substances do enter and leave the cell. Explain the mechanisms through which this is accomplished and comment on the energy requirements of these mechanisms.
A. Dr. Randy Schekman introduced you to a yeast model system for studying membrane fusion and vesicle trafficking. Imagine that you have isolated a new temperature-sensitive sec mutant which you suspect has a specific defect in secretory vesicle docking and fusion with the plasma membrane (exocytosis). Describe an experiment you could do to test your hypothesis. B. Now, explain how you would continue your experiment to identify which secretory pathway proteins are present on these secretory vesicles. C. Finally, among the proteins present in these synaptic vesicles according to mass spec you find a protein which contains a G-domain fold suggesting that it is a G-protein. Briefly outline how, in principle, you would determine which of the other proteins is a GAP for this G protein.
The plasma membrane protects the integrity of the interior of the cell by allowing certain substances in, while keeping other substances out. Summarize the manner in which small molecules are permitted to pass through the membrane ensuring you explain the difference between passive, facilitated, active, and coupled transport by comparing and contrasting them. Finally, explain the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis and provide an example of a molecule (remembering to state its function) that is transferred using this method.
Our current experimental procedure works because Con A adheres strongly to the nitrocellulose membrane while HRP hardly binds to the membrane at all. If HRP binds as strongly to the membrane as Con A does, our current scheme will not work. Assuming that's the case (HRP strongly binds to the membrane non-specifically, regardless of the presence of ConA), you will need to treat the membrane with an additional solution before treating it with HRP. What solution would that be? O Saturated NaCI solution. O Concentrated HCI. A membrane-binding protein. Concentrated glucose slution.
Cells transporting substances across their membranes is essential. Choose TWO of the following types of cellular transport. ๏osmosis ๏active transport ๏facilitated diffusion ๏endocytosis / exocytosis (a)For each type of transport you choose, describe the transport process. Explain how the organization of cell membrane plays a role the movement of specific molecules across membrane. (b)Using the same transport types, identify a specific cell that utilizes that type of transit (i.e. one cell for each transport type, or two different cell examples), and detail a substance that is transferred. (c)A typical human lymphocyte has a radius of about 10 μm, while a typical bacterium (e.g., S. pneumoniae) has a radius of about 1 μm. Assuming that both cell types are perfectly spherical, compare and contrastthe transport mechanisms for each of these cells.
What would happen in each of the following cases where something related to intracellular transport is altered? Assume in each case that the protein involved is a soluble protein, not a membrane protein. State where each protein would be located and explain each of your answers. You change the hydrophobic amino acids in an ER signal sequence into negatively charged amino acids. You discover a protein that has both an ER signal sequence and a nuclear localization sequence. The ER signal sequence is at the N-terminus of the protein, and the nuclear localization sequence is located in the middle of the protein.
Various types of vesicle coats have been implicated in membrane traffic pathways suchas endocytosis, export from the ER to the Golgi, and transport between Golgicisternae. But so far, no coat has been identified for the secretory vesicles that carrymaterial from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. Do you think such a coat is likely toexist? Justify your answer.
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Provide an example of how multiple membrane transport proteins typically work together to move a molecule across a membrane (your example can be general or use hypothetical proteins).
Various types of vesicle coats have been implicated in membrane traffic pathways such as endocytosis, export from the ER to the Golgi, and transport between Golgi cisternae. But so far, no coat has been identified for the secretory vesicles that carry material from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. Do you think such a coat is likely to exist?