### Investigating the Effects of a New Drug on Synaptic FunctionYou are investigating the effects of a new drug your lab has created. You have an intact synapse (including pre- and post-synaptic neurons) in a dish. You add the drug to the dish so that it covers the cells and observe what happens.Following electrical stimulation of the pre-synaptic neuron, **you record an action potential in the pre-synaptic neuron but observe no release of neurotransmitter into the synapse**.Your drug most likely affects which of the following ions?- Calcium- Negatively charged proteins- Chloride- Potassium

The neurotransmitter proteins are transcribed in the nucleus and translated in the cytosol following…

Answered: You are investigating the effects of a…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

How do neurotransmitters directly affect the postsynaptic neuron? A)They cause a change in the electrical potential, exciting the neuron and causing it to fire b)They cause a change in the electrical potential, either exciting or inhibiting the next neuron. C)They cause a change in the electrical potential, inhibiting the neuron and stopping it from fi d)They connect with the appropriate receptor on the postsynaptic neuron
If a post synaptic neuron is stimulated to threshold by spatial summation this implies that the post synaptic cell has a lower than normal threshold the postsynaptic cell has many synapses with many presynaptic neurons the post synaptic cell is getting stimulated many times during a short period of time by a single presynaptic neuron the post synaptic cell is slow to repolarize
"Hebb's Rule" says, in effect, that a neuron that is repeatedly activated will have an increasingly powerful effect on all of its neighbours. neurons that are repeatedly activated together become more strongly connected. neurons that are strongly connected are likely to become activated at the same time. neurons that are strongly connected are typically found in the cortex.
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter produced by the nervous system that is involved in the pleasure/reward system in the brain. The release of dopamine in response to a stimulus produces feelings of happiness and satisfaction. Cocaine is a type of drug that affects the brain response to dopamine. Usually after dopamine is released into the synaptic cleft, it is quickly re-absorbed into the neuron using dopamine transporters. However, cocaine blocks these transporters which causes dopamine to remain in the synaptic cleft for a long period of time. How would this impact the neuron's ability to communicate? Neurons will produce smaller action potentials because more dopamine is binding to receptors on the neuron, preventing the neuron from reaching the threshold potential Neurons will be under-stimulated because dopamine will bind to receptors and prevent ions from moving into the neuron, preventing electrical signaling Neurons will produce larger action potentials because more dopamine is…
Excitatory neurotransmitters open up some sodium ion channels in the postsynaptic dendrite. This allows some sodium ions (Na+) to enter the postsynaptic dendrite, making the membrane potential more positive and bringing it closer to the threshold potential. This increases the likelihood of an action potential. Inhibitory neurotransmitters open up ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane for positive potassium ions (K+) to flow out OR negative chloride ions (Cl-) to flow in. Whether potassium ions go out or chloride ions go in, the postsynaptic cell becomes more negative than the resting membrane potential (further from the threshold potential). This decreases the likelihood of an action potential. The effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane is to a. maintain the resting potential b. hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane c. depolarize the postsynaptic membrane d. decrease the threshold level
You and your lab partner have prepared a frog nerve for gathering data on action potentials. You connect an electronic stimulator to the nerve and ask your partner to gradually increase the voltage until you see an action potential. Your partner says that the voltage knob is stuck and will not increase the voltage. To finally get an action potential, they begin to trouble shoot and instead of increasing the voltage, they begin to simulate the nerve over and over again and see an action potential. What type of summation is this describing? action potentials graded potentials spatial summation temporal summation O threshold
For the nervous system to convey information using electrical signals, the signals typically must be passed from one neuron to another. Oftentimes, this transfer of information across the synapse occurs via the release of neurotransmitters from the pre-synaptic terminal. When a large stimulus is detected in one neuron, it often conveys this information by releasing a larger amount of neurotransmitter into the synapse.
The following steps refer to various stages in transmission at a chemical synapse. 1. Neurotransmitter binds with receptors associated with the postsynaptic membrane. 2. Calcium ions rush into neuron's cytoplasm. 3. An action potential depolarizes the membrane of the presynaptic axon terminal. 4. The ligand-gated ion channels open. 5. The synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. Which step occurs first in transmission at a chemical synapse? Ostep 1 occurs first step 2 occurs first step 3 occurs first step 4 occurs first Ostep 5 occurs first
Imagine a neuron that is currently receiving signals from dozens of pre-synaptic neurons. Despite that, this neuron never reaches threshold. How is that possible.
When an impulse arrives at the synapse, the synaptic vesicles open and release neurotransmitters into the cleft within a thousandth of a second. Within another ten thousandth of a second, these molecules have diffused across the cleft and bound to receptor sites in the effector cell. In what two ways is transmission across a synapse terminated so that the neuron’s signal is concluded?
Why does an action potential move in an all-or-nothing fashion down the length of an axon without stopping?
An action potential does not get smaller as it propagates along an axon. Why not?

SEE MORE QUESTIONS

Recommended textbooks for you

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781319114671

Author:

Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:

W. H. Freeman

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781464126116

Author:

David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox

Publisher:

W. H. Freeman

Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul…

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781118918401

Author:

Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. Pratt

Publisher:

WILEY

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781319114671

Author:

Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:

W. H. Freeman

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781464126116

Author:

David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox

Publisher:

W. H. Freeman

Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul…

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781118918401

Author:

Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. Pratt

Publisher:

WILEY

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781305961135

Author:

Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougal

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781305577206

Author:

Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological …

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9780134015187

Author:

John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson

Publisher:

PEARSON

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS